doklad tehnologii dlya umnyh gorodov

Fund "Center for Strategic Research "North-West"

Technology for Smart Cities

Report

Saint Petersburg 2017

Fund "Center for Strategic Research "North-West"

Technology for Smart Cities

Report

Saint Petersburg

2017

Fund "Center for Strategic Research "North-West"

Technology for Smart Cities

Report

St. Petersburg: Foundation "Center for Strategic Research "North-West", 2017. - 110 p.

Publication preparation team Project manager: M. C. Lipetsk Working Group: E. A. The Romans, A. Oh. Loseva, V. A. Adartasov, I. A. Bolshakov, K. B. Sukharev, M. A. Petrova

Design and computer layout: Foundation "Center for Strategic Research "North-West"

Cover image source: https://www.fiban.org/maas.html

Foundation "Center for Strategic Research "North-West", 2017 ISBN 978-5-9909736-3-3

List of abbreviations

ASUNO EU ZATO ICT MSSU SME NPO RES R&D CU Data Center EPRA ABT

AES AMR BIM BMS CAD (English) / CAD CCTV CIFE DMS EMS FACTS GIS, GIS GPS HVDC IPv IP Cameras6 IT (English) / IT LIDAR LTE MF - LVTDMA NPV PI PMUs RF, RFID RSA SCADA VSAT

Electronic control system for outdoor lighting The European Union Electronic control equipment Electrical power rate, calculated depending on network congestion System of transmission System of block encryption System of transmission System of transmission of electrical power transmission System of low-level transmission System of transmission of electrical power transmission System of low-level transmission System of transmission of electrical power transmission System of low-level transmission System of transmission of electrical power transmission System of low-level transmission System of electrical power transmission System of electrical power transmission System of electrical power transmission System of electrical power transmission System of electrical control system of electrical control system of electrical control system of electrical control system of electrical control system of electrical control system of electrical control system of electrical control system of electrical control system the System of Data Collection and Operational Control Small Satellite Earth Station

ABOUT THE FOUNDATION "CENTER OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS "SEVERO-WEST"

• The Foundation’s activities are focused on conducting strategic research and developing expert recommendations on a wide range of socio-economic issues: industrial and technological forecasting, scientific and methodological justification for the creation and development of industries, cluster policy, strategic development of key economic sectors, regions and cities, research of public space of cities, creative industries, etc.

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Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................

Chapter 1: The Smart City Concept: The Evolution of Smart Cities

• Generations of Smart Cities..................................................................................................................................... • Smart City 1.0 .................................................................................................................................................... • Smart City 2.0 .................................................................................................................................................... • Smart City 3.0 .................................................................................................................................................... • Interview with Nicolas Bouchot, founder and head of Renaissance Urbaine........................................................... • Smart City as a strategic urban development agenda......................................................................... • Problems of Russian Cities............................................................................................................................ • Russian projects of smart cities....................................................................................................................

5 6 12 16 19 21 26 30

Chapter 2: Smart Energy ..................................................................

• Current technological trends.................................................................................................................. • Impacts of technology implementation.......................................................................................................................... • Application potential in Russia......................................................................................................................... • Russian experience of Smart Grid implementation............................................................................................................. • Interview with Dmitry Holkin, co-head of the EnergyNet Working Group...........................................

35 41 42 42 43

Chapter 3: Smart Transportation and Mobility................................................................ 46

• Elements of intelligent transport system of the city............................................................................ • Technologies to regulate traffic flows......................................................................

48 50

Chapter 4: Smart security systems ..................................................................................................

• Applications and capabilities of security technologies........................................ • Predictive Policing................................................................................................................................................... • Interview with Alexander Malinovsky, General Director of LLC "ERVIST North-West"........... • Foreign practices........................................................................................................................................... • Security products.......................................................................................................................

60 62 63 65 71

Chapter 5: New Generation BIM..................................................................

• General information about the advantages of the new generation BIM.............................................................................. • Integration with smart city technologies........................................................................................................ • Companies that implement technology BIM in Russia............................................................................................ • Cases and best practices.....................................................................................................................................

76 81 84 85

Chapter 6: Recommendations ..................................................................................

Application: Mobile applications for urban services, feedback and open data use.................................................................................100

List of used sources and literature................................................103

Introduction

Energy,

Design

The purpose of this report is to show how the current trends in urban infrastructure are taking shape in the basic segments of the tour: buildings, transport and security. The first chapter of the report briefly shows how the approach to creating smart cities has changed, and highlights the Russian problems in the field of urban development. Further sections provide a set of key technologies for the designated industries and consider the effects of their application. The final chapter gives recommendations on what practices are useful for the development of smart cities in Russia in the medium and long term.

The publication was prepared based on the results of analyses of publications of international consulting companies; materials of international conferences on urban development problems; public reports of companies - world and national players of corporate markets; official policy documents of the European Union, the US Government, cities of the world, as well as the own research of the Strategic Center "North-West" Foundation. Interviews with experts - urbanists, representatives of technology companies and national development agencies were taken.

The report is aimed at city leaders and technology businesses. Urban mayors will see in an urgent review how infrastructure is being modernized, how industries are being transformed, and what new services are being put at the disposal of city managers and households. Technology companies and organizations that are engaged in the design of urban systems will be able to evaluate promising market segments and solutions in which leading players are already investing.

The concept of smart cities has been actively discussed for the last 10 years. A rare forum dedicated to urban topics is complete without discussion about technology or the vision of Smart City. Market players and public institutions see smart cities as a common topic for discussion and a new area of cooperation. City managers are announcing strategies or Smart City projects to raise the status of the city, attract investment and localize high-tech business, and companies are faced with the task of solving local problems in the urban economy.

That is why, at the beginning of the previous decade, global IT leaders entered the smart city market, offering city councils turnkey integrated solutions for managing urban infrastructure. In practice, this holistic approach was not fully implemented and scaled up to different cities. So far, Smart City is a boron of isolated vertical solutions. Integrate them on the basis of single digital platforms is an urgent and difficult task for business and city authorities.

The concept of a smart city does not replace the development of society by technological rearmament of the urban environment. Participation of people in the processes of management, improvement, joint use of property becomes the subject of attention not only of urbanists and sociologists, but also of business representatives. The most advanced of them are convinced that the main consumer in the market of smart cities will be a citizen, surrounded by real-time information services, ready to pay for living in eco-logically clean and safe neighborhoods and energy-efficient houses, using affordable and fast transport.

existent

In Russia, interest in the topic of smart cities is growing every year, including because many cities are approaching the limits of reliability and functional infrastructure. The already tested solutions were point-based, and the experience of intellectualization of one of the city systems is difficult to transfer to others. On the contrary, the concept of Smart City as a system considers the entire city, which is designed and managed at a new level of efficiency, whether in a purely technological or socio-urban aspect.

Chapter 1

Smart City: The Evolution of Smart Cities

The term Smart City can be interpreted broadly and

Nope. But in any interpretation, the key role is given to information and telecommunications technologies, which help solve public problems within the framework of a multilateral partnership between citizens, business and government [11]. This understanding was formed in 1993 in Silicon Valley (Silicon Valley, USA), where the Community appeared). The concept of such communities was defined as any purposeful cooperation of business and residents to improve life and working conditions using available information technologies [4].

Community >

Smart

(Smart

Smart City Concept: The Evolution of Smart CitiesChapter1 Figure 1 Smart City Characteristics

Source: Vienna University of Technology

In modern reading, the concept is not limited to

Technology as the main factor of development. Cities that have created conditions for the growth of human capital are considered truly smart. The more such opportunities and the more pleasant the environment, the smarter the city. This approach was based on the European vision of a smart city and was described in 2007 by the Center for Technological Regional University (Figure 1).

Vienna

Science

Smart environment (natural resources)

Smart way of life (quality of life)

• Energy efficiency • Renewable energy • • Resource saving

Environmental protection

Competent consumption Convenient planning

• • • Social interaction Healthy lifestyle •

Smart people (social and human capital)

Smart economy (competitiveness)

• Qualified ICT users • Available training •

Participation in public life, enterprise

• Productivity • New products, services, business models • International cooperation •

Flexibility

Smart Mobility (Transport and ICT)

Smart management (participation)

• Integrated transport systems •

• Involvement of citizens in decision-making • Convenient services • Open data

A smart city strategically approaches the development of these six areas, while wisely using the resources and activities of its residents, acting consciously and independently [13]. The authors of the definition emphasize that the main thing is to withstand a complex princip is not exhaustive.

Esq

Components

development,

list

The definition of the European Parliament (2014) is based on the same six points. According to it, the smart city seeks to solve public problems by using IT solutions in the activities of various municipal entities and their partnerships [11]. At the same time, the European Parliament points to the problematic context: smart cities are considered as a response to the challenges of large-scale urbanization (overpopulation, energy consumption, resource allocation, environmental protection). Cities are becoming strategic points for addressing poverty and inequality, unemployment and energy management.

A similar vision is characteristic of Japan. Smart cities are those where innovation improves the environment, society and economy, with a minimum level of each of these indicators (Future City Initiative, 2014). This definition is adopted in connection with

Technologies for smart cities with the main challenges for Japan - the aging population and the need to protect against natural disasters. The World Smart City (2016) community and forum, established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Electrotechnical Mission (IEC) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), defines a smart city as sustainable and resilient. Sustainability implies that current needs can be met without undermining future generations’ opportunities, in an ecological, social and economic sense. The ability to rebuild means that the city is successfully adapting to changing conditions.

Smart city at its best, according to the organization:

• man-centered

(Focused on business, people,

workers, tourists, etc.); well managed;

• • available and open to all people and new ideas); • discloses data on its activities; • • based on integrated services and infrastructure; • Proactive in the training and development of citizens [1].

protects personal data;

How

city

Smart

Presents

Concepts of Smart City. Leader

The technological aspect of Smart City is reflected in the definition of the company IBM (2010). The company has become one of the leading global promoters of the IT market "equipped (instrumented), combined (interconnected) and intellectual (intellectual)" [2]. “Equipped” means the ability to obtain various data on urban life and infrastructure in real time through sensors, measuring instruments, and personal devices. "United" indicates the ability to integrate data on digital platforms, providing general access "Intelligent" refers to the processing of the information obtained through the services of advanced analytics, modeling, optimization and visualization in order to make the best decisions.

Various

Urban

services.

Thus, to date, various countries, leading international organizations and companies share a common vision of the concept of Smart City.

According to him, the city:

• becomes stable and flexible; • involves the use of manuals;

public, methods

Joint

• works

the City

crossing different spheres of life and urban subsystems;

• effectively uses the collected

data;

• aims to improve the quality of life and standard of living for citizens and those associated with it.

Figure 2 Smart City Components

Source: International Union

telecommunications, 2016

Smart City Concept: The Evolution of Smart Cities1 Generations of Smart Cities

In Europe alone, there are more than 240 cities that claim to be smart [11]. Some projects in this area are deployed around the world, including in Russia. It is difficult to estimate their exact number, since there are no uniform criteria for classifying cities as Smart. The existing ratings contain both socio-economic indicators of innovation effectiveness and the degree of availability of technological infrastructure.

Change

Smart

Cities that reflect

The world practice allows us to highlight the key developments of technologies and (Table 1). Types of projects implemented The reference architecture of the smart city is already clear, and within the framework of the technology. local There is a need to get out of isolated vertical projects to common platforms that open access to data and provide all security requirements. This approach, according to European ideologues Smart City, will ensure the transition from “digital” cities to truly smart.

critical

worked out

projects

Table 1 Stages of development of the concept of a smart city

Criteria

Smart city 1.0

Smart city 2.0

Smart city 3.0

Characteristics of the stage

Increasing the efficiency of city management. semi-city managers see access to integrated data on the state of services, energy and infrastructure in real time

Large technology companies dominate the market

Development and management of digitally based infrastructure

Smart City as a strategy for the development of the state with a common vision

Inclusion of startups and SMEs in the market segment Smart City

Involvement of all groups of participants: private sector, communities, academic environment, clusters, authorities, development stakeholders

Building sustainable ICT-based innovation ecosystems

Citizens get a key role in shaping the appearance of cities and the interaction of opportunities with the urban environment

Results

The architecture for deployment of intelligent systems and services was developed, technologies were introduced in pilot projects

Design of payment forms for access to open data

Pilots

Invest in the EU 1 billion Euros, but the real challenges were not met

Barriers

Projects were horizontally isolated Involvement of citizens was limited

Lack of venture capital Interdepartmental cooperation Lack of Smart City projects

Real

Ratings

Energy

Electric power management systems

Smart distribution and power management systems (Smart Grid, Micro Grid, AMR)

Connected and Power Consumption (Connected Smart Grid Systems)

Separation Systems

Technology for Smart Cities

Smart city 1.0

Smart city 2.0

Smart city 3.0

Networks and communication

GIS-informing. Ground communication channels

Wired

wireless networks, Smart water access points to the Internet, 3G/4G, optical networks (wireless broadband service)

Transport

Centralized systems of monitoring and management of transport

Storage and processing of data

Vertically isolated data collection systems based on RFID-technology

Electronic services

Electronic city services

payment

Development of infrastructure

Sustainable infrastructure and buildings

development

Intelligent trans port (hybrid systems) - we are for automated traffic systems transport, GIS map)

Management (intelligence

Internet of Things: integration of sensory and identification technologies and standards and protocols of inter-machine interaction.

Computer Computing and Analytics (Big Data)

City pay-we services (e-parking, e-ticketing, e-commerce)

Waste treatment and distribution systems, green buildings, energy efficient buildings

Semantic networks, combined data

For

recognition

Open data from different sources of warnings, information, predictive analytics (semantic web, predictive analytics)

Visualizations

Generations

Connected transport (renewable - May energy for transport) - wireless control, autonomous vehicle (connected vehicle)

transport,

autonomous

ubiquitous computing of the collected data (outside the control of microprocessors in a variety of types of household and industrial equipment)

Cloud-based sensor computing, networks in combination with Web 2.0, social networks, crowdsourced platforms for collective numbers.

Standardization of urban services platforms based on the Internet of Things

Intelligent automated buildings and infrastructure

Design of buildings

CAD

BIM 1.0 (3D, visualization)

BIM 2.0, 3.0 (intelligent building, simulation )

Source: North-West CSR based on open source materials

Smart City 1.0

Smart cities of the first phase of the Smart City concept include those that were built from scratch by large players in the IT industry. The purpose of the management companies was to test the developed solutions. According to the plans, the new city was completely built up by smart buildings, intelligent energy and transport networks were laid. Examples of Smart City 1.0 Masdar (UAE) and Mr. Songdo (South Korea).

Smart City Concept: The Evolution of Smart CitiesChapter1 South Korea Songdo

Songdo International Business District. The project was conceived in the middle 1990-x industrial giant Daewoo, and later was bought by American rum developer Gale International and a South Korean company POSCO E&C. Officially, the project is conducted with 2001 A year ago, he was about 35 billion Annex II It is now completed on 70% [46].

Network equipment for the city was developed by Cisco. A central control node has been created, which, based on the received data (RFID-tags, sensors), regulates the flow of transport and energy flows.

Songdo’s technological achievements are impressive. However, they do not fully meet the goal.

cities to attract global companies and employees from all over the world. It was with this calculation that a bridge was built from the city directly to the airport in the city of Incheon, the largest transport hub in the country. But while they live in the business quarter 36 000 People, 90 000 live in the Greater Songdo, and 99% The people who bought homes in the city are Koreans. Young families come here because good schools have opened in the city. Life-friendly Songdo is not as popular among employees: employees of companies do not like the “stone jungle” of the business quarter. The old model of infrastructure is also noted: for example, inter-du Songdo and Seoul do not run high-speed trains, the city is connected by a conventional highway. Office space is already occupied 70%. Gale International believes that it will be necessary to economically stimulate companies to move to Songdo.

Technology for Smart Cities Transport

City

The transport model is such that residents can abandon cars: any place can be reached in 15 minutes, 25 km of cycle tracks are laid, buses and subways run. At the same time, numerous electric vehicles are installed in the city, free parking is organized for low-emission vehicles.

Hybrid

Stations

For

and

Energy

Through automation, Songdo has built an efficient power grid that adapts to changing demand. Energy consumption in each building decreased by 30%: special cooling of premises, only LED lighting devices are installed, alternative energy sources are used, and waste hot water heats technical and residential premises.

allow

Save

Glass

the City

Water saving

Water

Ulitsa

Watering

A whole system of solutions for water saving has been developed. Rainy vegetation, washing the streets. The sewage and water of the city canal are treated and also reduced-reuse. Vegetation sews storm drains, it also absorbs solar heat and uses it for photosynthesis, cooling the surrounding air. As a result, the consumption of clean water in Songdo is about 10 times lower than in ordinary cities.

Rooftops

Gale International, the main shareholder and investor in the Songdo project, plans to distribute such projects throughout Asia, with the entire city model to be sold. In 2013, near the city of Changsha in China, construction of the first semblance of Songdo began. The municipalities of Chongqing and Dalian also agreed with Gale International to establish similar cities [21].

Smart City Concept: The Evolution of Smart Cities1 UAE Masdar

Conform

The green city of Masdar was designed in 2008 The UAE’s non-commodity economic development plan. The city that occupies 6 The area near the capital and the international airport should not have emitted any emissions. The project was evaluated in 22 billion In addition, the state-owned Mubadala company invested in it.

British

Architectural

Essence

Foster + Partners. According to the architects, to ensure environmental cleanliness, the city should use electric cars. The buildings were designed to give a natural shadow; on the street were installed controllers that maintain a comfortable temperature and allow you to save on cooling (Figure 3).

About 400 companies came to the business quarter - including Siemens, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, partners of the GE Ecomagination initiative, etc. - but mainly their presence there formally. About 2000 people work in office buildings, and only 300 students of the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology live in the city permanently. The completion of the Masdar project occurred on 2030 [34].

Figure 3 Temperature regime in Abu Dhabi (left) and Masdar (right)

Source: Anthony Mallows, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 2016

Technology for Smart Cities Investors

potential

recession. Many

However, the plans of developers prevented the economic crisis decided to delay the year with funding. As a result, on 2016 Construction completed only on 5%. The route for autonomous vehicles should consist of 100 There were only two stops. There is a station where you can rent bicycles - but to the nearest city, Abu Dhabi, 16 Kilometres, and bike paths are not built. In addition, the managers announced that the original idea of a total absence of emissions could not be realized 50%To date, emissions have been reduced compared to other UAE cities.

Russia Kazan

For the first time in Russia, the concept of a smart city began to be implemented in greenfield projects for the construction of entire settlements and large urban areas. A vivid example of this approach is the satellite cities of Kazan: Innopolis and Smart City. V October 2010 In the same year, the leadership of Tatarstan announced a project to build IT villages in the suburbs of Kazan. MA-ster-plan of the IT-village project was developed by a Singapore company RSP Architects. On 2015 A year in Innopolis was invested more 20 billion Rubles. The basis for development was the university, technopark and special economic zone.

the University of London

for now

the University of London

Future

Nearest

Replaced by residents

Smart technology in Innopolis - rental service of electric public cars, electric bus. transport; There are no gas stations in the city, but there are points for charging electric cars. There are no traffic lights, because traffic flows are not so powerful to threaten pedestrians. In addition to the "green" transport technologies, an affordable administration is noted - you can talk with key city figures in the Telegram group chat, and it is there that local development issues are discussed, for example, the schedule of buses to Kazan.

STAR

Smart City Concept: The Evolution of Smart Cities1

the University of London

should

Innopolis

master plan,

While the city is inhabited only by half, in the autumn of 2016 it has about 2,5 thousand people. At the same time, in accordance to live with at least 155 thousand people. According to the calculations of the project team, only such a number of residents will guarantee that Innopolis will not turn into a district of Kazan. Although the city's ecosystem is convenient for adaptation, difficulties with attracting residents are already noticeable - it was planned that the population will grow by 10 thousand people annually. According to the mayor of the city, this happens because the development of the city requires federal investment, which has become more difficult to obtain due to the economic crisis and problems of the federal budget.

The Smart City project was initially considered more rational and realistic than Innopolis - this city is smaller in size, it is more convenient to get to Kazan, and an airport is located nearby. In 2013, at the III Annual Investment Forum AIM in Dubai, the project officially launched. They planned to place a special economic zone, public business and scientific and educational centers, housing for 58,8 thousand people. But a year and a half later, also due to the crisis, the project was frozen. Republican money was enough only for Innopolis, and the project team could not attract investors for Smart City.

Bet

Urbanists often criticize the smart cities of the first generation of decisions for their infrastructure. The following principal challenges are noted [38]:

Technology

Exclusively

the City

Standardity

The landscape of new cities is “oppressively standard”, they do not form a unique urban identity, and this is fraught with social problems.

Inflexibility

new

population,

The city is not ready for external challenges (sudden influx of people, aging infrastructure). If all the objects of the city are built technological solutions 2016 The development of technology to 2026-it will require a complete city redevelopment. ultramodern, "framework" traffic has long passed through the design tracks 1960-x.

"stuffing"

Generation

Outdated:

Smart

even

although

And

Elitism

It is assumed that in the new cities live wealthy people - owners of a set of gadgets that can not afford the poor. In the future, this may lead to segregation, high crime rates, and increased social tension.

Technology for Smart Cities Smart City 2.0

Large

cities. For

Strategic

Technologically integrated

For Smart City 2.0, a large role is acquired by a complex of such visions of project development, which required close cooperation of the city administration with the trend and the introduction of urban systems by infrastructure that would allow monitoring and dispatching of critical facilities, predicting whether threats would appear. With the help of such solutions, city managers move to a qualitatively new level of management, new types of services for citizens appear.

companies. Key

Management

Box 1. From an interview with Yana Golubeva, urban architect, director of the Russian office of the company MLA+ (St. Petersburg)

with help

control

The city, understanding what

“In the classic view, Smart City is a fairly technocratic model of a city of sensors and other possible tools. But the practice of organizing management with the study of various factors of urban development suggests that the city is chaotic in principle, and its management is almost impossible to unify. For me, Smart City is a city that can use its resources (human, energy, territorial) in the most effective way.

such

The cities,

Executors

A number of them demonstrate their effectiveness. The low level of citizen involvement is mainly criticized. Smart cities require the full participation of urban communities, informal groups of workers, small private entrepreneurs and the population of the suburbs [32].

projects,

Box 2. From an interview with Lyudmila Istomina, an expert-economist in urban planning at the Laboratory of Urban Planning. M. L. Petrovich

“The concept of “smart city” is very multifaceted, and the role of IT technologies there is not in the first place. In the rating of European Smart City in the index of mobility on ICT accounts for only two parameters out of ten. The main criterion of the “mind” of the transport system is how balanced it is, to what extent it is available to residents and meets the needs of business, to what extent public transport is an adequate alternative to the individual.

Smart City Concept: The Evolution of Smart Cities1

South Korea Busan

City Hall Mr. Busan partnered with Cisco, five local universities and the Busan Mobile Application Center (BMAC) to launch a security and monitoring system. The system works on the basis of the CityMind platform of the company AGT and allows analyzing video images, identifying patterns for predictive analytics).

A set of software solutions includes: • Smart+Connected City Safety and Security - video surveillance

streets;

• Smart+Connected City Traffic - road monitoring

movements;

• Smart+Connected City

Parking

–

smart

Car Parking

space;

• Smart+Connected City Lighting - Smart City Lighting: • Smart+Connected City Operations Center

center.

Based on BMAC a Competition of Applications with General Finance 23,6 thousands of dollars, which resulted in 14 Annexes. In addition to mobile access, citizens can use kiosks, through interactive displays.

Information

Services

In this partnership, BMAC provides workspaces,

The cloud platform, testing tools, smart devices, access interfaces also advises startups on municipal data and marketing resources, as well as small companies. Device integration is based on the Cisco Systems Cloud Connect Platform.

Access

Technology for Smart Cities Spain Barcelona

Since 2012 Institute of Informatics The Municipal Institute of Informatics (IMI) is developing the Sentilo platform. It allows various sensor systems at Sentilo urban facilities to be designed so that it is possible to further increase the number of devices and make functional additions.

Infrastructure

Exchange

data.

The project is funded by a public-private partnership in which

This includes the government of Barcelona, OpenTrends (software developer) and Abertis Telecom (telecom operator). As part of the project, a public demonstration was launched - an interactive map that serves as a starting point for creating applications. They are currently 15.

Platform services are based on data from 9 thousand sensors, which are located throughout the city and record:

• Air temperature; • Noise Level; • level of loading of garbage containers; • level of parking space loading; • Traffic; • water level in water bodies; • Electricity consumption; • gas consumption; •

moisturizing the soil.

Ready

The decisions,

The project is being implemented with the participation of a wide range of industry partners. Most companies are project equipment suppliers. applicable and several firms integrate their software with the services available on the Sentilo platform. For example, the company Effilogics Technologies has adjusted its energy management system for it.

Tasks

Smart City Concept: The Evolution of Smart Cities1 to

System

Implementation

monitoring,

IBM The Rio de Janeiro City Hall has launched a joint project to prevent landslides in the favelas located on the slopes of the hills. He not only predicted the weather, but also received data from all departments, allowing you to respond to emergencies of any type, including crimes and accidents. IBM notes that in the project the company acted not just as a developer and service provider, but as a full-fledged adviser to the mayor. The solutions tested in Rio are expected to be sold to other cities [39].

Under

term)

development,

Strategy

Imagination

Most Russian cities mention their Smart City 2.0 in it. The concept of Smart City is declared as one of the general themes of the Strategy of Social and Economic Development of St. Petersburg until 2035. By "smart city" (as the Strategy translates it means "wide use of information technologies to link all infrastructure subsystems (roads, transport, energy, water supply, communication) and their fine-tuning to the changing needs of the population and business". An important cluster of scientific activities is the “creation of educational, practical application of new methods of urban planning and transport planning” and “development of a new generation master plan based on a socio-ecological approach.” We can say that the administration of St. Petersburg understands the concept of a smart city in the same way as European cities at the initial stage of its implementation.

documents

As a separate project, the city plans to introduce an automated information and measurement system (AIIS) for commercial accounting of all consumers in the region, on the basis of which a single data collection and processing center for calculations of fuel and energy resources IBM can be established and START Development will design an innovative system for water management. It is a comprehensive system that covers the safety of people, the state of engineering systems, the facades of buildings, the distribution of traffic flows and much more.

cities. Corporation

Brazil Rio

Russia Saint Petersburg

Technology for Smart Cities Smart City 3.0

Tasks

Social

The next generation of smart sustainable cities is turning to inclusion, equitable access to technology, and budget savings and environmental protection. Citizens are actively involved in local projects of data of city services. For example, in the cities of the future, residents, having measured the air quality at playgrounds or throughout the area, agree on additional landscaping and new pedestrian zones.

Jointly

Complement

Opinions

Effort

About

–

Responding to the challenges of the previous stage of development, Smart City 3.0 declares the principle that a smart city cannot exist without a smart village. Projects are spread over the countryside: "Cities of the Future" in Japan and track the harvest in the surrounding areas, Smart Grids stretch outside the city to balance the flow of crops between the city and the village.

Another feature of the “cities 3.0” is the maximum reuse of resources and the joint consumption of products. Reference points of the “multi-turn economy” are points where you can take for the exchange of bicycles, places, tools for repair, and other examples of this kind. You can share with your neighbor the necessary thing, for example, (a Danish startup that went through the Peerby platform to the American and European market).

Thus, at the third stage, the smart city as a community of citizens not only follows the orders of the administration, but also independently organizes local projects. For this system to work successfully, it is necessary to invest in a new type of infrastructure (Wi-Fi network, affordable high-speed connection), investment policy, control social inequality and support broad public debate [41].

Special

form

Smart City Concept: The Evolution of Smart Cities1 United Kingdom London

A number of them were implemented in London.

Initiatives

the University of London

Regions

Smart

Government

• Talk London Community - Internet portal,

where there are discussions, polls, Q&A sessions, focus groups. Activities range from the simplification of the regulation of the rental sector to the safety of bicycles. Politicians consult with citizens in order to assess the effectiveness and relevance of the proposed measures in the registration on the portal, some data about citizens are collected, which allows, for example, to invite certain groups in the villages to join the discussion.

communities. At

Urban

different

• London Datastore opens more than 500 datasets on various aspects of urban life, and London Dashboard visualizes the obtained statistics.

• Listen London platform collects user comments

about political initiatives.

• The Team London platform, with funding from the Technology Strategy Board, organizes small volunteer projects and employment projects for young people.

• London

Atlas

Schools

The map shows detailed information about all schools in London, including attendance, and also predicts how many children will qualify for places in school in the coming years.

Interactive

Can

Who

A few

projects,

citizen" works in Moscow

One to the third phase of the development of smart cities in Russia, the Moscow platform "Active citizen". The system of electronic solutions "Active year, including the possibility of online voting and includes, in urban development. In the year 2015, the system received the international Smart Cities Awards and was awarded the established Best m-Government Service Award by the UAE Government. 2016 platform was used by 4 million participants.

from 2014

At the same time, other technologies of the smart city in Moscow are beginning to be designed. Smart energy systems should be used in the development of the city’s Energy Strategy. But here it is worth noting that Muscovites emphasize the role of man as an “energy life-supporting entity”, and as landmarks of energy development they call the quality of life, productivity growth and sustainable development of the metropolis.

Russia Moscow

Technology for Smart Cities Austria Vienna

the University of London

lines

Top

Pompeii

Vienna regularly ratings smart cities. Continuing to develop infrastructure projects, the city has launched a number of projects of a different type. For example, in partnership with local energy company Wien Energy, the Vienna administration is attracting citizens as investors in solar power plants. This is in line with the renewable energy targets that the city plans to achieve by 2050.

Can

Kissing

pay

Annually

Solar

Pays

Citizens panel or half of it, and then Wien Energy "rents" the panels cost and purchase. Since such panels come into disrepair for 25 years, the company was a win. popular - in a week all the panels for two solar stations in the areas of Leopoldau and Donaustadt were sold out, a little later two more stations were built in this way.

Citizens 3,1%

Initiative

remains

from

the University of London

Smart City Concept: The Evolution of Smart Cities Chapter1 Interview: Nicolas Bouchot

Founder and Head of Renaissance Urbaine, President of the Alliance of Greater Paris

CSR "North-West": Smart cities have been spoken about for 10 years. How has this concept evolved?

Nicolas Bouchot: In the mid-2000, the smart city was seen as a technological facility. His vision was that ICT could provide a full, integrated management system for all urban services. But in reality, it turned out to be more difficult. Both the infrastructure and social interactions in the city are so heterogeneous that many special technological solutions are required, and due to their specificity, they cannot be scaled. That’s why those consulting companies that five years ago predicted the emergence of truly smart cities, where everything is connected to everything, were wrong. The problem is not only in technological barriers, but also in underestimating the importance of a key element of the concept - the interaction between stakeholders.

But the idea of a smart city has become incredibly popular. In the last ten years, it has been intertwined with urban concepts, and no discussion of urbanists is complete without mentioning smart cities. It is now important to understand how technology affects the economy and society, and how to use them more effectively.

Although the full integration of urban systems was not observed, new technologies were actively introduced in many areas. Smart service management technologies are rapidly developing. In the financial sphere, for example, there are many digital tools. Advanced computer systems are used in water supply. Transport and mobility, international and intra-city logistics, in these areas digital solutions are in great demand. Take, for example, Tokyo: there is built a system of smart train management, and vehicles exchange data with each other. Worldwide bus companies start using GPS. For modeling

Data management and sensor technologies are being implemented. In Lyon, Dusseldorf, Hamburg, London, thanks to this, the situation with transport has noticeably improved.

Is the smart city market still dominated by major international players? How is a common vision formed?

In the last five years, startups have entered the market, the business environment has become more diverse. The question is what will be the result, whose product will be more interesting to the user. In this ecosystem diversity is very important, since there is a need not only for city-wide, but also in individual services.

The demand for advanced technological solutions arose because the problems associated with rapid urbanization had to be addressed. They were first tried in 2005–2006. It has become apparent that cities are not managing resources effectively. Therefore, solutions that allowed to monitor the state of the infra-structure, control consumption were well sold. Now companies are developing applications for car sharing, car sharing, geolocation technology, all this helps to fix the problem. Cities are striving to become more resistant to emergencies, and here technology for predicting on-water, emission of hazardous substances is absolutely impossible.

Today, in 2016, smart cities start to look a third new. They no longer rely on technology developed by leading companies. As it turned out, a truly smart city requires thoughtful decisions. It has established interaction with citizens, city systems work smoothly, the effect of innovations is evaluated, new skills and competencies are developed.

Which cities in Europe and the world are showing the best results in this?

There are several smart city rankings, but in any of them the first five lines are Melbourne, Vienna, Copenhagen, Vancouver and Seattle. There is a subtlety: many rankings take into account economic indicators such as GDP per capita. But when it comes to smart cities, a more accurate indicator is how people assess the environment. For example, the rating GPCI (The Global Power City Index from Mori Memorial Foundation, Japan, is more successful because it includes parameters such as social and human capital, quality of interaction in urban communities, quality of universities and research laboratories.

We need to remember that technological solutions are required when a specific problem arises. So it is worth separating the introduction of advanced technologies and the concept of a smart city. It is much broader and involves a process of multilateral interaction. In this sense, Barcelona, Nice, Copenhagen, Helsinki, and Amster-Ladies have advanced further, making the concept of a smart city part of the administrative discourse. It immediately attracted the devs. Small towns such as Gothenburg in Sweden and Utrecht in the Netherlands have also included smart city projects.

In developing countries, more and more companies and investments are entering the urban services segment. Saigon (Viet Nam) is developing a Smart City Development Plan, where it aims to develop construction and transport infrastructure. There are also civil initiatives, for example, in the south of Latin America, where platforms and projects for interaction within communities are actively developed.

Renaissance Urbaine is a strategic urban development consultant. During 10 years of operation, the agency completed 100 projects from Vancouver to Vladivo-dek. Among them are the management of the transition to reliable energy supply, urban reconstruction, research on sustainable development, and models of interaction between the state and business, universities, and civil society. Since 2010, the transition of cities to intelligent technologies has been accompanied.

The Grand Paris Alliance is a think tank for the development of large cities. With the support of foundations around the world, the Alliance has published 80 articles on urban development, interviewed 150 ex-Perts and organized 5 international forums.

Smart City Concept: The Evolution of Smart Cities1 Smart City as a StrategicStack of the City of Development

The concept of a smart city is not only implemented within the framework of point projects, but is also included in the strategic plans for the development of large cities. Digital agendas are becoming road maps for increasing human capital and technological breakthrough of the entire city. These examples show which strategic initiatives and actions will help city managers overcome barriers to urban development.

London Smart London Plan, 2013

Main

Call

External

In planning the city’s development, London’s City Hall projected a sharp population increase: by 2021 there would be 1 million more Londoners. By 2030, the urban population would therefore reach 10 million, requiring an additional 641 thousand jobs, 800 thousand homes and 600 thousand places on transport services. In an attempt to address this challenge in advance, the “Smart London” plan was approved in 2013, with the main emphasis on creating an innovative environment with the corresponding infrastructure (Table 2).

Table 2 - Strategic priorities of the Smart London plan

Priority

Tasks

Targets

and

Online platforms like this

Consult with citizens of social media, the online community Talk London. Adopt the digital divide, organize courses for training in programming skills, hackathons; increase technology entrepreneurs.

Reductions

number

Plan

Establish a Smart London Area Partnership to make data freely available to local governments and improve public services so that all Londoners can track changes.

to attract

Launch Innovation Challenge - hackathon in the field of urban development. To promote innovation, global investors. Launch a program of export of innovations in the field of high-tech urban development. Ensure SMEs have access to a high-speed connection; lobby for the introduction of a new London visa to facilitate the relocation of talented professionals.

•

the University of London

less

1000 must

People take

Not everyone participates in the online community dedicated to urban development (33 000 people in total). The number of technology should double.

Entrepreneurs

Double the number of users of open data (London Dashboard and London Datastore).

Investments in 24 million pounds in high-speed connection - to 2016 Year should be available 22 000 SME year at least 100 SMEs participate in the high-tech export program. New 200 000 Jobs in Technology Companies 2020- Mm-hmm. To support companies that actively pursue innovative technologies, to achieve their share in the 10% Total number of companies.

to 2016

Involvement of citizens

•

Open Data

•

Application of creative, pre-p and n- and m-at-l-s and research talents

•

Technology for Smart Cities

Priority

Tasks

Targets

Collaborations

Adaptive city

Administrative services

Infrastructure

•

Create an innovation network that integrates many existing city initiatives. The network will in the field of smart support for SMEs innovation community in London. Collaborate with EU cities and the world, exchange experience and projects with them using new approaches.

develop

Pilots

Others

and

•

200 million pounds invested in London projects in the field of smart city by 2018.

•

Ways of Repetition

Promote the use of smart grid technologies to better manage energy and water consumption. Develop new uses of waste. Develop technology 3D-visualization of London infrastructure to identify unused resources, optimize road works. Reduce the load and the number of accidents, including pedestrians and cyclists. Apply open data and create new business models to reduce the volume of freight carried out by e-commerce companies. Assess the needs of the city until 2050.

Long term infrastructure

Transport

Exchange

Data

indicators

Increase and data analytics. Together with district administrations to develop new models of response to challenges (parking, collection and recycling of garbage). To use when planning in promising areas. To monitor the expenses of the administration, and SMEs - to conclude contracts for the implementation of municipal contracts.

Technology including

opportunity

City, in

City Council

digital

"Smart

Platform

To create London”, where residents will be able to give feedback, evaluate urban services and share experience in any areas of urban development. Complete the test-bed at Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park by the end of 2016. Invest in the development of high-speed wireless connection, spend free Wi-Fi in all galleries and museums of the city. To develop navigation around the city using digital technologies, including providing open data to tourists, speeding up the finalization and implementation of the digital payment system.

the Year

2020

Lower

consumption

the Power Generation 10 000 MW·h/year K 2020 the Year of Creation 3D-map of possible underground routes, working in real time. Downgrade to 50% Carbon dioxide emissions from transportation. Downgrade to 60% from the level 1990 years.

Greenhouse

Emissions

Gases

Possible research of ways to improve the efficiency and convenience of administrative services has been carried out. More and more SMEs are contracting out.

Municipal tenders

Wins

implementation

An index was developed to assess global progress in the field of digital payments, by the end of 2015 a demo version of the digital payment system was created. London owns one of the top lines in the ranking of cities by wireless speed, which have increased the connection of the city development with the introduction of digital technologies.

The inhabitants,

London

Successes

number

the University of London

Smart City Concept: The Evolution of Smart Cities Chapter1 SEOUL Global Digital Seoul 2020, 2016

Access

Administrative

Seoul Data Mart is an open platform that provides information, in addition, there is an online Seoul Open Data Plaza channel where citizens can: see the movement of transport in real time; find areas free from smoking; find out the location of places with public Wi-Fi, and find services for people with disabilities. The city council went further and February 2016 the Seoul Digital Plan 2020, The four strategic priorities to be addressed 15 Korean and international companies, including Cisco, Intel, Oracle, ZTE, Microsoft.

1. Social

Capital

Capitals:

Reinforce

Communications

through digital channels.

This

areas.

Send

Plans

Platform

The e-government, which will ensure the world leadership of Seoul in the capacity of 100 thousand residents, through the portal it will also be possible to conduct a public hearing. Mayor of Residents Initiative. Therefore, by 2020, the number of small businesses in the digital sector should be increased by 50%, as well as increase voter turnout to 1 million people through the Mvoting application.

Proposals

EEO

Development

City

their

from

2. Digital

economy

Incubation of new businesses (Seoul Digital Foundations) and the introduction of digital tools in the existing industry.

(Diginomics):

Run

The key task is to create a national industry of financial technologies. K 2020 It is planned to launch more 200 innovative business. To do this, G-Valley will be grown in the opened cluster of the digital industry 30 startups in the field of fintech, and all in this area should work 330 Thousands of people. The cluster will open the Academy of the Internet of Things - it will be taught hackathon and various conferences.

specialists;

Passing

will be

1240

Technologies for Smart Cities 3. Innovations

the University of London

Society:

Digital

Bringing the Internet of Things to 100 Urban Zones (25 Residential Quarters, 50 Cultural and tourist facilities, 23 specialized emergency response zones, transport system throughout the city); deploy a health information system (BigCare); an information system for parking (550 from 1500 the Parking Zones 2020-Moo).

The municipality plans to improve the parking situation in the city and improve the efficiency of municipal services. In 2015, one such project was already implemented in Bukchon: mailing services were introduced with warnings about improper parking and notifications that the garbage cans were full. By 2018, 424 public services are expected to be launched, operating on the principle of one window.

4. Global

Digital

Public leader: Wi-Fi throughout the city by 2017; build a cloud center in Sangam capable of integrating all the data collected.

Free

For these purposes, the initiative will spend 370 million dollars. The administration will launch 100 test ranges of new urban services.

Smart City Concept: The Evolution of Smart Cities Chapter1 Chicago The City of Chicago Technology Plan, 2013

In Mr. Chicago (USA) has developed a Technology Development Plan, which, like Smart London, sets a comprehensive goal of turning the city into an innovation center. For this purpose, 28 strategic objectives are stated, covering the development of advanced technologies, the involvement of citizens in the innovation and management process, and the creation of favorable conditions for urban communities (Table 3).

Table 3 - Priorities of the Technology Development Plan of Chicago

Strategic direction

Tasks

New generation infrastructure

• Increase the speed and availability of Internet connections; • Create a Digital Public Way - an open platform for exchanging state data

Urban infrastructure;

• Create infrastructure and regulation for technological experiments: development of sensor technologies that assess the state of the environment, new wireless communication technologies, etc.

• Create a sample of a "smart community" to compare and scale the experience;

Distribute free Wi-Fi in all public places;

• Create "smart communities" in five districts of the city; • • Together with private companies to reduce the cost of wired connection; • Together with educational institutions to improve computer and technical skills of children,

organize technological projects; Launch computer literacy courses;

• • Coordinate the work of all stakeholders in the field of “smart city”; • • Involve residents in creative and technological projects.

Expand the network of public computer classes;

Effective, efficient, open government

• Use data to improve the efficiency of administrative services; • Increase the volume and quality of data about the city, create new methods of their processing; •

Develop new mobile, online and social media technologies to expand communication;

• Implement a model of joint IT services between departments and cities

services;

• Bringing together local government data centers to create a cloud in Chicago; • Collaborate with the private sector to develop innovative technology

Decisions.

Civic Innovation

• Create solutions for the city based on data analytics; •

Allocate intellectual and financial resources to residents developing new technologies.

Growth of the technology sector

•

Increase the number of incubators and coworking spaces, including creating a start-up zone in the field of biotechnology and pharmaceuticals; Expand the number of networks that unite entrepreneurs, venture investors, mentors and consumers;

• Attracting and retaining talent in technological fields; • To promote the image of Chicago as a technological and innovation center; • Including encouraging successful firms associated with the city to talk about it; Expand ties with world academic leaders to create joint • laboratories, hold forums;

• Create an environment conducive to business development; • Promote investment in startups.

Technology for Smart Cities

Problems of Russian Cities

trends

So-called

In the development of the world’s cities in the last two decades, the creation of informal high-tech urban spaces, replacement and creative, bicycle and public transport are noticeable. But even large Russian cities, these trends are almost not related.

Humanization Industry

"millennium."

(Internet,

This

The cities of Russia, having gone through a period of socialist development, still demonstrate its long-term effects, including decentralization and developed public transport networks. At the same time, the medium-term effect of the achievements of the social city - reducing the severity of the housing issue, reducing crime, physical health and creative productivity of citizens - has already been lost. Features of modern Russia are numerous microdistrict structures, agglomerations, total motorization, public spaces.

Underfunding

these

define

Features

Since the quality of life in the city, the task of the city manager is to transform them in a positive way. For Russia, the transition to “cities to form a safe, future” consists in an environmentally friendly space. In this way, cities face three blocks of problems:

Resource Efficient

Urban

• Lack of power grids; • Poor regulation of traffic flows; • Offences in Public Places.

Box 3. Interview with the Russian office of the company MLA+ (St. Petersburg)

with Yana Golubeva, urban architect, director

Russian

for allowing

"Today, the infrastructures are existing and the territories, because neither the city administration nor those who participate in development have a detailed idea about this. For example, how much energy is spent on heating houses, how much energy is spent on transport, etc.

Technology

Status

Cities

evaluate

important

Smart City Concept: The Evolution of Smart Cities1

Power supply

and

loss

Ineffective

energy consumption,

The problem of power supply is not only worn out networks, but energy, high frequency of outages. According to the materials of open sources and data of self-examination of the nuclear industry, available to the North-West CSR, network losses for different cities are 10–20%. In Ufa, for 2014, the indicator was 19%, and it took 2,5 hours to fix the fault in the network - all this time the consumer remained without energy. This means, among other things, industrial accidents. In general, the problem in (on average 12%) and the increasing frequency of power outages are called among the main challenges facing the power supply.

which

The problem,

representatives

The second is distinguished as intractable - a lack of power in the network. Six of them on 2015 Year of power reserves was less 10%, There are no four goro-doves. Lack of capacity severely limits urban development. In addition, if electricity generation occurs on one side of the city, and construction is carried out on the other, it is very expensive to lay power lines before construction.

ZATO

The problems of energy supply are solved by the introduction of a distributed generation system and the transfer of generation facilities to the main consumption. According to the Kazan Development Strategy 2030, the city is characterized by "weak use of small energy opportunities, as well as energy based on the energy supply system is now used in ZATO Forest.

Non-traditional

Distributed

and sources.”

The second component of distributed buildings, in the future - autonomous energy efficiency of energy facilities. To reduce the load on the network, you can begin to design buildings so that they provide themselves with energy resources. Most of the houses in Russian cities, especially medium and small, are old buildings with high energy consumption, and technological solutions to reduce energy consumption there are most in demand.

Some cities are already taking the first step in this direction: they are installing apartment metering devices, energy-efficient lighting. According to the deputy head of the Moscow Department of Construction Viktor Aistov, the capital switched to energy-saving technologies back in 2012: energy-saving lamps began to be poured everywhere, new standards for window filling and walls were introduced [24]. But the initiatives are mainly based on the horizon of operational action. As noted by the heads of the ZATO nuclear industry, for solutions of the next level it is not necessary to conduct comprehensive inspections of buildings. In the meantime, the information about the buildings available to the administrations is fragmentary, and it cannot be generalized at the city level.

According to the data available to the CSR "North-West", in four of the out-of-drain intelligent models of power system management and automated systems of accounting, monitoring and control of consumption. Information modeling systems for energy facilities are used only in Sarov and Novouralsk.

With the expansion of the city, with the increase in the number of car owners in the country, the load on road infrastructure does not increase. "The increase in the intensity of intra-city and transit traffic on roads" was recorded as a factor in the aggravation of the transport problem in the Volgograd Development Strategy until 2030. Traffic jams in the morning and evening hours, excess cars on the sidewalks become a problem not only in large, but also in "compact" cities.

Transport

Box 4. From an interview with Lyudmila Istomina, an expert-economist in urban planning in the Laboratory of Urban Planning. M. L. Petrovich

To improve the situation, city administrations are making infrastructure decisions: they are building interchanges, reconstructing highways, introducing paid parking and removing the illegal routes in Moscow in 2016, the number of illegal routes decreased eight times. Omsk follows the example of the capital: reducing the number of illegal carriers will allow to employ freed specialists on municipal routes.

Carriers. For example,

Private

But, according to Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin, this is not enough: "It is necessary to continue to actively develop public transport in general, and the metro in particular. Only it can radically solve the problems with the movement of people in the metropolis. And help him with the trains.”27] Omsk, in turn, will rectify the route network and increase the number of vehicles so that Omsk residents do not wait at stops for more than five minutes. in the administration. Zheleznogorsk also believes that the scheme of movement will have to change according to the model of large cities: some streets make one-way, adjust routes. And for this - to calculate the scheme of organization of the movement throughout the city.

It is the data-driven approach that will have the greatest impact here. Therefore, in order to optimize urban traffic, large cities impose intelligent transport systems. For example, the Traffic Management Center of the Government of Moscow has developed and partially implemented a comprehensive traffic management scheme. As the head of the Center Vadim Yuryev explains, "We have a dynamic transport model of the capital, which is based on the movement of motorists, the actual volume of traffic, the march routes of Muscovites, points of attraction. On the basis of this model, an optimal traffic pattern is created, which includes marking, parking spaces, the installation of signs, setting up traffic lights, creating dedicated lanes, the choice of one-way and two-way streets22] The Situation Centre is managed 1700 Lights: this is either a preliminary adjustment of their mode of operation, or manual control. At the center of the complex

behavior of the population,

“Data openness is one of the most important problems for transport project development in Russia. In the United States and Canada, municipal and state governments are investing in this: funds are allocated for projects to research transport and resettlement of places All in databases with a link to a map of the area with the use of GIS, which are available to cams. In Russian cities, such a system is not built - there are large difficulties of the necessary

receiving data.”

Structured

Designing-

work.

the University of London

this

Chapter 1 deofixation around the clock working three operators, and their number is expected to increase. Having received an analysis of the situation on the roads, the operator contacts the relevant services, informs motorists - for this purpose it is planned to develop a mobile application.

The transport problem brings with it the problem of road safety: the denser the traffic on major roads, the higher the accident rate. Even compared with Moscow, where there is far more traffic than in any other region, Russia’s average accident rate is twice as high. Another threat to public safety is street crime and other breaches of law and order.

City administrations are working with these problems through the installation of a video recording system, which is equipped with a special program to identify violators. According to Cher-Kessk Mayor Ruslan Tambiyev, the city has "so-called intelligent cameras that respond to specific car numbers, can detect wanted criminals by photo robots, instantly react if an unusually large [25] is going to be assembled in one place. To process the signals received from the cameras and notify law enforcement officers, operators work around the clock. According to the same principle, the remaining 70 administrative-automated recording of traffic offenses created in the regions of the country are valid. According to experts, on those sections of roads where fixed video recording systems are installed, the number of accidents and the severity of their consequences are reduced by half.

quantity

Centers

people"

Center

the University of London

For

Task

Technology

Modern

The second context of public safety is to increase the effectiveness of the use of patrol outfits. On 2012 Year in Moscow 2,6 thousands of monitoring police vehicles positioning systems. time to determine the location, direction-real and even the speed of movement of patrol crews,” explains Nikolai Golovkin, head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in the Moscow region [in Russian]23].

Equipped

It allows

"This

the University of London

Thus, in the context of a limited budget, Russian cities are forced to work with a number of complex development challenges. Some regions reduce their severity due to technological means, but these are mainly substantive, not complex, innovations. Its technological basis, according to the common opinion of experts and representatives of the city administration, should make an information audit and design based on data.

Urban

United

without

Security

Box 5. From an interview with Lyudmila Istomina, an expert-economist in urban planning in the Laboratory of Urban Planning. M. L. Petrovich

Cycling, car sharing and the promotion of pedestrian traffic are important trends that need to be followed in the cities of Russia. But the key problem remains the low density of the road network in the ongoing fishing of microdistrict development. Introducing innovation in traffic management is not effective without addressing this problem: what to do with an intelligent system when you are told that traffic jams are coming, but you can’t turn off anywhere, there are no alternative ways to follow. ”

Technologies for smart cities Russian projects of smart cities

A number of projects on intellectualization of urban services have appeared in Russia in recent years. Basically, it is smart management in three areas: electricity, transport flows, public safety.

Park

Social

Real Estate

Agricultural

Industrial and Logistics

Around the data center "Omsky" it is assumed (IT-cluster, to place a high-tech complex, production and laboratory premises), residential and development facilities for 14 thousand people), administrative and business center and other facilities. Smart city technologies will appear in the developments of the cluster residents themselves - IT companies and startups in the field of cloud technologies. Like Japanese cities, Omsk aims to switch to self-sufficiency, energy and even partly food independence: for example, independently generate electricity, and transfer its excess to the maintenance of greenhouses.

Residential

(area

Implementing

"Ilyinskoye-Usovo"

Designers of smart urban technologies are already in the first stage of construction of the microdistrict: these are new materials, the Internet of Things in terms of housing and utilities, security and transport. GC "Morton" defines 15 directions of development of a smart city, and prefers solutions that cover several of them at once. Against the background of basic technologies of transport and engineering systems, energy saving, video analytics, etc.), a unique system of inexpensive solutions in the field of wearable medicine is allocated for Russia. Morton itself invests in urban technologies, which it subsequently replicates.

(Integration

in a row

United

works

Vladivostok

Also automated

dispatcher - in the service of transport management in real time, and street lighting. Rostelecom is introducing an emergency call system for operational services and an upgraded alert system in the city.

Management

BBQ

system

In Belgorod, sensors are installed on distribution networks, which are smart lighting.

Minimize

consequences

accidents,

and

Ekaterinburg plans to create an intelligent power grid by 2030. It will take so much to modernize existing and build new power facilities, taking into account the requirements of Smart Grid, including the introduction of vehicles on electric traction, the transfer of objects - consumers of electricity in the mode of its generation.

Data Center "Omsky"

Ilyinskoye - Usovo

Vladivostok

Belgorod

Yekaterinburg

Smart City Concept: The Evolution of Smart Cities1 the National Assembly,

There are examples of how new settlements are called “smart”, but in fact they are only microdistricts of increased improvement. So, Nizhny Novgorod "Smart city" positions the level in which the current concept of smart-city is implemented, combining the relationship of technological to living. " In fact, it refers to the greening system and the network of pedestrian streets.

friendliness

European

the Environment

Decisions,

Comfort

Project

Environment

Myself

How

the City Council

and

ponds."

situation

Ekaterinburg

Similar to "Patrushikha" it "class Smart", which means "professionally organized social and commercial infrastructure" - the separation of pedestrian and automobile routes, pedestrian accessibility of public and park spaces.

Town planners

"Smart" microdistricts

Technologies for Smart Cities Chapter 2

Smart Energy

Technology

Environmentally friendly,

Smart

Energy

safety,

increase capacity

Energy networks reduce energy consumption costs.

Trends in Smart Energy

Improving the efficiency of alternative energy sources

Experts characterize alternative energy as a group of technologies, the generation of which has already developed. These technologies continue to spread, and their effectiveness is increasing.

Moving a person to the center of energy exchange

Reducing the cost of a new technological package

Figure 4 New technologies in the power system

At the level of the overall energy architecture, structural changes are taking place. The end user of the energy system is the prosumer, an active consumer who not only uses, but also generates energy. Through adaptive digital networks, the prosumer enters into a partnership with the rest of the world, whether it is the country’s single energy system, the city’s energy system, or a neighboring household. The energy exchange is carried out through a digital platform that allows to design services and make microinvestments without intermediaries. Thus, around the prosumer, an Internet of energy is formed - an ecosystem of producers and consumers of energy, which are seamlessly integrated into the common infrastructure and exchange energy.

Within the next five years, a package of new technologies will be fully formed. It will include power electronics, which will allow you to control power flows in various networks; power storage technologies, distributed intelligent management, which generates design and modeling, as well as high financial technologies - blockchains, smart contracts, decentralized autonomous organizations. While they are relatively expensive, by 2025 efficiency will be much ahead of traditional solutions.

Source: D. B. Holkin, co-head of the NTI EnergyNet Working Group

This chapter examines key technological trends in the direction of the smart grid, leaving behind a wide layer of alternative energy.

Technological changes affect all major segments (generation, transmission, energy distribution and final demand) and restructure existing business models. The emergence of smart networks of the new generation is due to:

• with the introduction of distributed generation and technology growth

based on renewable energy sources;

• using new applications for high-voltage transmission networks that will be involved in data analytics; • new approaches in the field of energy supply and distribution in the use of intelligent automated systems. Incorporation of Advanced Metering Infrastructure to read, transmit and exchange data between data centers;

• new

Solutions

For

Management

Consumer

energy storage services and technologies.

Figure 5 - Evolution of Smart Grid Technologies

Modernization

Breakthrough through ICT integration

2015

2020+

Transmission and measurement equipment

Automated control systems

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (Advanced Metering Infrastructure)

• Measuring instruments • Condensers and stoppers • Transformers • Circuit breakers

and switches

• PMUs and SCADA System • Automatic substation • Voltage Sensors • Automation of e/e distribution • Advanced management system

Disconnections

• Use management

(Demand Side Management)

• Smart meters • Meter Data Management • Price dependent consumption

(Demand Response)

Microgrids

• Intelligent Devices and Platforms

Power Management

• Energy storage • Ultra-advanced current limiters

Source: North-West CSR based on open source materials

Smart EnergyChapter2 Table 4 - Transformation of segments of the power industry

Value Chain Segments

Aspects of change

Energy production, generation

Transmission, transformation

Technological trends

• Virtual

•

Increasing efficiency and distribution of generation through renewable energy sources

End Users

•

Management of Spros

• Advanced energy accounting structure

• Energy Efficient

Infrastructuring for a Smart Home

Distribution

• Monitoring LV - Grids / Substation Automation Systems Distributed Energy Management Systems

•

• Energy storage systems, including for electric trolleys Microgrid systems development

•

Technology of stress

• Advanced systems for the conversion and transmission of electricity (HVDC, FACTS)

• • High-power conductors and high-temperature cables

• Transfer mode monitoring system (WAMS)

Business Transformation

• Increasing energy efficiency and environmental requirements

• Integration

• Change of business

markets (cross-border exchange - pan-European market, inter-regional markets of the USA)

N/A Opera-Tor Networks •

Intelligent management of demand and consumption

• Energy consumers become producers (sale of surplus energy)

Effects

• Additional

Power Supply •

Energy of Isolated Regions

• Loss reduction

Accurate accounting of losses

• Decrease

•

Peak Network Loads

• Decrease

operating costs • Loss reduction

Source: North-West CSR based on open source materials

Current technological trends

Figure 6 shows which smart energy technologies have attracted the most attention among companies in the last five years. Vertically, technologies are located, the names of which were most often found in corporate media - in the anon of products, company development strategies. The same technologies are placed horizontally in accordance with the frequency of mention in business publications, regardless of whether companies plan to produce such products in the near future.

As can be seen from the figure, especially popular on corporate land-shaft technologies compatible with Microgrid networks. Technologies of automatization of distributed networks, intellectual accounting, on the contrary, reduce the growth rate of mentions, which may indicate the movement of these market segments to the maturity stage.

Figure 6 - Technologies in the field of smart energy (by the number of mentions in business media over the past 5 years)

Distribution Grid Management

Advanced Transmission Technologies

10000

Demand response

Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Total number of unique mentions of the technology

High-voltage direct current

Smart meters

1000

Metering

Communications

Controls

Meter data management

Converter stations

Breakers and Reclosers

Demand response management systems

RF mesh

Smart thermostats

Switchgear

High-voltage alternating current

100

OpenADR

Power line communications

Cellular AMI communications

Generator Sets

Grid-interactive

Converters

Flexible AC Transmission Systems

Distributed Solar PV

Demand Side Management

Microgrid

Batteries and Fuel Cells

Inverters

Intelligent Transformers

Biomass

Switches and Relays

Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Load Management

Advanced Transmission Technologies

Demand response

Distribution Grid Management

Microgrid

-20%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

Average annual growth rate (CAGR), %

Source: CSR "North-West" according to Dow Jones

Smart EnergyHead2

Distributed energy

Automation of distribution networks

The number of energy sources that are integrated into the general network is increasing. Among them are distributed solar panels, gas turbines, small wind farms, and cogeneration systems. For the better part of the year, microgrid technologies and consumption management systems are becoming popular. The key to restructuring the market will be the excess of additional energy production due to distributed sources over centralized generation. This can happen in the middle 2020-ies years.

The distributed network automation market is projected to double in the next ten years, growing at an average annual rate of 8,7%. Among this group of technologies, the most promising systems for monitoring transformers are:

• Distribution systems SCADA; • Energy quality control; • Advanced real-time monitoring, including equipment diagnostics, through the use of new generations of sensors;

• Advanced accounting and measurement infrastructure; • Integration of emergency shutdown management system;

Box 6. The practice of implementing smart networks: the case of the company ABB

1. The introduction of a full-fledged system of smart networks in 2013 year. Houston (United States):

• Deployment of Advanced Energy Distribution System (DMS); • Installation of remote monitoring of equipment 29 Substations; • Installation 579 Automated Switches and Observation Devices 226 Centers

distribution;

• Integration of new components to stabilize and improve the technical condition of the network.

2. The first smart grid project in India, covering the entire state of Karnataka and its energy generation, supply and distribution systems:

• Control and data collection project SCADA along with transmission technology

data MF-TDMA using VSAT, which are connected to 867 locations;

• Introduction of technologies: SCADA/EMS/DMS/ Energy Billing, Energy Auditing & ABT Meter Interface; • Information gathering and real-time energy redistribution; • Network processing and visibility analysis using Independent Power Producers (IPPs)

and open access.

3. Automated Intelligent Network of the Stockholm Sea Port:

• Improvements in peak load management (DSM); • Integration of renewable energy sources; • Implementation of services for vehicle charging power plants; • Improvement of energy storage system; • Electrification of bays, docks, ship parking lots; • Automation of Port Services Buildings and Facilities.

Microgrid is a network structure equipped with its own energy sources, which allows to meet demand at peak loads in the central network. The implementation of microgrids is possible at the junction of technologies:

• Autonomous sensors for voltage monitoring; • Digital platforms of the Internet of Things, providing integration of devices of different types, data collection and predictive analytics;

Microgrid

• Advanced Electronics:

transformers, nitride semiconductors, carbide silicon transistors, smart switches;

Solid State

• Hybrid batteries, superconducting drives, lithium

New generation batteries

• The microgrid market is at its nascent stage, forecasted annual growth rates in the next 7 years are estimated at 17,1%.

Box 7. Integration of smart power systems into urban economy: Siemens case study in the cities of Burbank (USA), Shanghai, London

• Introduction of smart meters and development of applications for

Nitoring;

• Promotion of alternative energy sources and their integration

network infrastructure systems;

• Thermal energy storage systems; • Voltage diagnostics.

In this growing segment, the central place is occupied by intelligent energy accounting systems (Smart Metering). Solutions in the field of control and measurement data management are based on the application of technologies:

Accounting and measurement of consumption

• customer information system (CIS); •

System of data collection and operational dispatch management (SCADA); emergency shutdown management system (OMS); customer relationship management system; geoinformation system (GIS).

• • •

To the expected effects of the introduction of smart measuring systems from:

• potential reduction in the volume of new power needed

•

Stay on 20%; smoothing of energy consumption peaks and the ability to connect more consumers to existing capacities; reducing commercial losses of electricity 95% (through the rapid detection of unauthorized connections); reduce technical losses 50% (due to the installation of higher accuracy accounting systems and targeted network repair); reducing operating costs by reducing the number of personnel and MRO volumes to 10%;

Smart EnergyHead2 •

timely payment (due to the possibility of limiting the load) and reducing consumer debt by 50–70%;

• improving the reliability of operating expenses;

electricity supply and

Decline

• higher level of energy supply quality; • ability to manage consumers with their energy needs

Live in real time.

Box 8. Implementation of infrastructure for smart lighting: Silver Spring Networks case

1. Creation of remote lighting control systems and improvement of citizens’ safety in the city. Copenhagen, including the development of services for flexible monitoring and analysis of consumption.

2. Integrated city lighting systems of traffic lights in Paris:

• Introduction of urban "network dome" connecting controllers for more than 200 thousand

street and traffic lights;

• Implementation of IPv protocol6 for data transmission; • Creating platforms for future services, such as traffic and parking management

Environment, charging stations for electric vehicles.

Demand management

Box 9. Implementation of a smart control and accounting system: ComEd case in Chicago (for 4 million residents)

1. Development of software application for analytics and data collection with more than 2 million smart meters.

2. Improve reliability and operational efficiency with online monitoring and fault detection solutions.

The second area, where significant changes are taking place, is the needs of the Telsk segment. The key directions remain savings on energy sales activities and the disappearance of intermediate links in the value chain. With the help of analytical tools based on digital platforms, it is possible to maintain a household consumption profile, and, depending on it, to differentiate energy prices during the day. New financial technologies will automate the settlement process. This will ultimately reduce the cost of consumption.

With the development of alternative energy sources and local generation systems, the consumer becomes simultaneously the producer. This allows, for example, to optimize energy consumption and increase the environmental sustainability of technologies. The consumer community is deploying joint projects to develop the necessary infrastructure.

Key technologies in the consumption segment:

•

Smart activities;

System

Measurements,

analysis

Consumer

• new technologies for infrastructure management: Internet of Things in public infrastructure, sensorics, software for analytical processing of various consumption indicators;

• Active use of social networks and mobile devices for monitoring, detection and notification of consumers; involvement of users in management and control processes;

• new analytical settlement and payment services with the development of relevant financial technologies: blockchain, smart contract.

Technology for Smart Cities

Smart Energy Demand Management Systems Market 2016 Mr. has made 687,2 Millions of dollars K 2020 The year is expected to increase to 1,8 billion average annual growth rate in 21%.

By 2015, the global market for energy consumption metering systems in smart electricity had reached 10.6 billion dollars. By 2020, it was expected to grow to 19.52 billion dollars, at an annual growth rate of 14%.

Table 5 - List of current technologies of smart networks

Technological direction

Hardware

Systems and Software

Monitoring and control

Use of new measuring units (PMU)

Integration of information and communication technologies: A renewable, scalable, conventional integration.

Increased capacity

Distributive network management

Advanced Infra-structure for Measuring and Accounting Electric Vehicle Charging

Communication equipment (LTE, RF network, mobile network), routers, gateway switches Main-power air conditioning and network support equipment, communication and hardware tools for improving data storage technologies Superconductors, flexible transmission current system (FACTS), DC High Voltage Transmission System (HVDC) Automatic circuit breakers, capacitors with distributed generation and storage control, transformer sensors Smart meters, displays, data servers

Batteries, inverters, charging infrastructure

Consumer systems

Smart devices, connected devices, thermostats, routers, displays, automated building systems

The Data Disruption Dispatch Office (SCADA), Broadband monitoring systems (WAMS), Broadband Adaptive Protection (WAAPCA), Broadleaf Awareness (WASA) Enterprise resource planning software, power management system (EMS), Network Distribution System (DMS), Data collection dispatching office (SCADA), Geoinformation - system (GIS) Network stability analysis, automated recovery systems

GIS,

DMS, control system disconnection (OMS), personnel management system (WMS)

Data management system calculations (MDMS)

Payment systems, smart charging "network - vehicle" (G2V) and discharge "vehicle - network" (V2G) Energy panels (shields), energy management systems, applications for energy monitoring from smartphones and plan-sheets

Source: CSR North-West, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe [8]

Smart Energy Head2 Technology Implementation Effects

The use of Smart Grid systems for cities means, first of all, increasing the reliability of networks and reducing the cost of their maintenance. Also, the potential effects of the introduction of advanced technologies include:

• development of systems for the future use of electric transport; • creation of a network of energy storage devices located on the territory of the city;

• access to energy from multi-functional networks. In particular, various services can be deployed on the elements of the lighting infrastructure, for example, compact substations 4G, monitoring measures, digital advertising objects, access points to electricity.

• Balancing consumption peaks and fluctuations in energy generation, including through the integration of transport and energy systems: electric vehicles serve as both a storage facility and a source of electricity.

Table 6 - Effects of Smart Grid

Technological direction

Effect of implementation

Various components of the Smart Grid system

• Save 20–45% power consumption; • Reduce power outages

up to 15%;

• Reduction in capital costs for equipment by 5–10%; • Reduction in accident rate and repair costs to 10%; • Savings in electricity generation by thermal electric power

stations to 10–15%.

Smart control and measuring systems

• Improving the quality and reliability of power grids; • Balance of electricity supply and demand; • Providing infrastructure for smart homes.

A new generation of management and control of distribution networks

• Minimization

Costs at

Construction

Additional

(spare) stations

Renewable energy generators with low CO2 emissions

• Improving environmental friendliness; • Improving grid stability; • Uninterrupted power supply, including remote areas,

regions of the country.

Source: North-West CSR based on open source materials

Technologies for smart cities Potential applications in Russia

The introduction of reliable flexible networks leads, first of all, to an increase in the efficiency of using the existing infrastructure. In Russia, the utilization factor of installed capacity (KIUM) is on average 65–67%, the load factor of network capacities is no more than 50%. At the same time, it is expected that the need for investment by 2025 will decrease to 30%, the savings can be directed to further development of technologies.

Technology

Of particular interest to Russian companies may be the fast-growing market segments associated with intelligent energy management. For example, to create a virtual power plant or Microgrid system, you need to develop and implement intelligent control systems and big data analysis systems. These directions are open for the entry of new companies. The drivers of technology implementation are not large state-owned companies, but businesses that are looking for new market opportunities, in particular in the utility segment.

The market for smart power grids is only forming, so there are few supervisory cases of the introduction of these technologies. But some Russian companies have launched pilot projects in the field of intelligent consumption accounting and network management.

Russian experience of Smart Grid implementation

Automatic metering systems reduced network losses from 26% in 2005 to 11% in 2012. The devices remove several parameters, including the voltage level, they can be used to create other services.

Sergiev Posad

The Smart Grid project is being implemented by Bashkir Grid Company together with Siemens since 2014, the end is planned to reduce losses by 2018 (from 19% to 1%), reduce the time to switch between different segments of the network, to troubleshoot up to several minutes.

Mr. It is anticipated

substantially

Ufa

DEN "Mamonovskaya", "Bagrationovskaya". The plans are to reduce by half, the number of blackouts per year - by four times. But more important for the consumer seems to be a decrease in the cost of ownership of assets. It is estimated that the cost of owning two power plants may decrease by 25%.

Kaliningrad Region

Smart EnergyHead2 Interview: Dmitry Holkin

Co-Head of EnergyNet Working Group

the National Technology Initiative

North-West CSR: You single out three segments of future energy (EnergyNet NTI market consists of three parts: reliable and flexible networks, distributed energy, consumer services. Why these?

D. Holkin: We chose the segments as a result of market night analysis. We considered two factors: rapid growth and the presence of scientific and technological groundwork in the country, preferably in the form of a working business. Based on these two parameters, we built a matrix, and in three segments of a rapidly growing market there was sufficient groundwork. It so happened that these segments are almost entirely devoted to distributed energy, which is formed around the end user.

Does the energy market work with big data based on platforms, with the Internet of Things?

I prefer to talk about new practices rather than specific technologies. We, as lagging behind in the field of intellectual energy, are moving in such a way as not to make mistakes: do not invest in meters, simply because it is necessary, or in big data, simply because it is interesting for IT companies. First, we put such a tribute, so that market participants create a new practice. For example, a virtual power plant or Micro Grid. And then it turns out that to make Micro Grid, you need drives, intelligent control systems and, perhaps, even big data.

How do new practices change the city? How will the role of the consumer, the energy producer, the role of the municipality change?

The Fukushima tragedy showed that there was a strong role for the community in security matters, and that infrastructure provided community development. And in the road map we laid the idea of a system of collective planning of infrastructure development.

Important issues related to consumer services. The Internet of Things in the energy sector is thought of as a pilot for the municipal infrastructure, in the next step it can cover heat, gas, hot water, maybe sewerage.

The main issues are analytical, even and payment services for consumers. If you take the consumption profile in real time and differentiate prices during the day, you can optimize consumption. The user moves consumption to a cheaper watch, you can set up individual alerts that during the "expensive" hours people do not forget to turn off the devices. It is important that the regulatory framework allows for more discrete calculations - not three times a day, but, for example, every hour.

According to business representatives, companies are not ready to invest in new technologies, because it is not economically profitable. How real is this problem?

There's a problem. The supply market is only forming, there are no examples of success that can be sold. On the other hand, the regulatory situation is not sufficiently motivated. Therefore, we at EnergyNet do not work with state-owned companies, but with the public business in the municipal energy sector.

buy

infrastructure,

There are companies that take on a concession or upgrade and sell. There are not many of them, but they meet. We are betting on them, and they are betting on the fact that as a result of NTI work it will be possible to create preferences or regulatory concessions for this market segment.

Which barriers are the most difficult?

The electricity market is seriously regulated by hand, this is a minus. It would be good if consumers had an incentive to use infrastructure capacities responsibly. The Ministry of Energy has been waiting for two years for the introduction of a fee for network power.

Technologies for smart cities EnergyNet NTI is a working group that organizes n and n t o t o t o t o t o t o t o e e e e e e and market interaction of the best design teams of Russia in the field of development of intelligent solutions for energy of the future; also - the market of equipment, software, engineering and service services for non-scale complex systems.

Terms and Conditions

NTI (National Techno-Logical Initiative) is a long-term data program to ensure the leadership of Russian companies in new high-tech markets that will determine the structure of the world economy in the next 15–20 years.

Another topic is distributed energy, generation and accumulation. Connecting such objects is difficult now. The question of how to facilitate the sale of excess energy from private households is actively discussed: you use a solar panel, and if there is an excess of energy, you sell it to the grid. It is necessary to avoid complex procedures for certification, registration of a legal entity that would conclude contracts with thieves. Abroad, this threshold has already passed, and excess energy is entering the market.

In connection with distributed resources, the concept of an aggregator of distributed energy resources appears. The aggregator of internal accounts conducts itself, and in relation to the external system acts as a single person. This concept is not yet in our law.

Perhaps the most painful issue is pricing. If you put a storage device and a distributed genealogy in the village and want it to work through a common network, then you need to pay for the network component in the tariff. This immediately makes any projects unprofitable, since now the network component in the final price is 75%: various types of reserves and payment to the guaranteeing supplier or energy distribution company.

When a settlement connected through a substation with a large system is considered as one entity, optimizes energy flows within itself and does not apply tariffs taking into account the network component, payment for the network is carried out only in the part of the flow from the external system to the internal one. That is, as soon as a distributed generation occurs on the consumer side, the networks lose money. Therefore, the traditional infrastructure organization will resist the introduction of new business models.

To what extent are Russian companies included in the development of standards? Do we need to develop national standards?

Standards usually apply to equipment. They are often formed and lobbied by large producers. Therefore, it is necessary to actively participate in the development of international standards. According to our experts, some companies are lobbying for strict rules, thus, most likely, create a niche for complex expensive equipment. Our colleagues have an idea to form standards at international venues free from the lobbying of major players from the United States and Europe, for example, the BRICS standards.

Smart Energy Head2 Table 7 – Russian companies that implement smart network technologies

Company

Project description

EPRA "Helios" Outdoor lighting networks of the city and region are fully automated

and managed. Belgorod region is the only region of the Russian Federation, whose networks are united by a single centralized management system built on the basis of solutions of IHTBelSU.

Participation in the implementation of the largest energy service project in Russia. In the framework of the energy service contract, pre-design, design and survey work was carried out, the supply of energy-saving equipment, including EPRA-controlled Helios, which allows monitoring and dimming of light sources, automation of the entire lighting complex and start-up and commissioning works.

City

Belgorod and Belgorod region

Kursk

Since 2013 ASUNO "Helios" manages outdoor lighting on the territory of the No-Volupets metallurgical plant and uses a modern solution that allows you to control each light with the help of EPRA "Helios".

Lipetsk

In 13 districts of the Yaroslavl region in the electrical networks under the control of IDGC of Centre Yarenergo division, outdoor lighting modernization programs were implemented and ASUNO Helios was installed.

Yaroslavl region

In the second half of 2014, BelSU IHT launched an energy service project in the city of BelSU. Ryazan. As part of the energy service measures, the city's outdoor lighting has been completely modernized, LED lights and ASUNO "Helios" have been installed.

Ryazan

Smart Grids pilot projects using Tavrida Electric innovative solutions. Observed, automated and remotely operated 15 kV networks in two areas of electrical networks.

To improve the quality of power supply, reduce costs and loss of energy, Siemens used the following technologies and solutions in the city: network condition control device (allows you to detect a short circuit and specify its direction, control the main electrical parameters SIPROTEC Compact (relay protection, automation and control of distribution devices); controllers SICAM TM (collects signals about the position of keys and switching devices, as well as about the security protections and transmits commands).

Mamonovsky and Bagrati-onovsky districts, Kali-Ningrad region

Ufa

9736 smart metering devices (measuring complexes) in apartment buildings and private houses, legal entities, as well as on the inputs of apartment buildings (as collective meters) in the Motovilikha district Perm. All metering devices are integrated into a single automated information and measurement system.

Perm

A pilot project has been developed to adapt Smart Grid technologies to Russian conditions on the basis of Tyumenenergo distribution networks. A package of technologies (potential projects) has been formed, including innovative elements: intellectual accounting, asset management.

Municipal Formation of Succession, Tyumen

Optima Engineering has carried out large-scale construction and commissioning works on relay protection and anti-emergency automation (PA) equipment, as well as reconstruction of high-frequency communication channels at more than 60 substations in the North Caucasus. Outdated electromechanical equipment was replaced by microprocessor, mainly domestic production.

North Caucasus

Source: North-West CSR based on open source materials

"Tavrida Electric" (together with "Rosseti")

Bashkir Electric Grid Company" (BESK) (together with Siemens)

IDGC of Urals - Per-Menergo (Engineering Center "Ener-Gauditkon-Trol")

LLC "Siemens" and JSC "Tu-minenergo"

JSC "CiUS UES"

Technologies for Smart Cities Chapter 3

Smart Transportation and Mobility

Technology for Smart Cities is Declining

Road congestion, environmental impact

and energy consumption of vehicles.

Trends in smart transport and mobility

Transport infrastructure is becoming smart

In the management of urban logistics, there is a trend towards the use of dynamic and multimodal information. Big data is collected from car sensors, surveillance cameras, RFID-me-current, sensors on roads and railway tracks. Data on the status of urban road systems, transit systems, cycle roads and pedestrian zones are used to optimize traffic flows depending on passenger traffic, business needs, environmental conditions, as well as to monitor the condition of roads. Such systems require an integrated approach to management and maintenance, and thus the removal of institutional barriers.

Increases transport efficiency through joint transportation systems

In order to partially optimize passenger traffic, but maintain high quality of travel, software products are used in segments:

• Ridesharing. A system in which passengers do not increase the number of passengers, but use the vehicle together, reducing congestion on the roads.

• Cycling / bikesharing. The development of road infrastructure for bicycles has led to the active use of urban rental services for the city, which encourage people to use bicycles more often to move around the city.

• Carsharing. New technologies have allowed companies and

Renting cars by the hour/day.

• Shipping on request. Uber and Lyft allow regular drivers to use their vehicles as taxis at users’ specified requests. Such services are equipped with mobile and GPS technologies that increase the competitiveness of their services.

Reduced environmental impact

In addition to the transition to a smart connected car, the technology of hybrid cars (HEVs) is also widespread - an environmentally friendly form of transport [20].

Technologies for Smart Cities Elements of Smart City Transport System

• Hybrid vehicles (HEVs). • Batteries and infrastructure energy storage systems

for hybrid vehicles.

• Stationary supercars in power systems (FES). Used in transport systems because of its low consumption and weight, and ease of maintenance.

• Connected / automated vehicles. Connected cars have direct access to the Internet and allow you to control all related devices, including smartphones, sensors, traffic lights, other vehicles. • Smart parking. The technology includes the required number of dates, which determines the location and distance of available parking spaces.

• Road transport system. Security, security, monitoring

ring, control.

Systems of interaction of autonomous (connected) cars inflate two types of communications:

• Communication between two vehicles (V-to-V); • Vehicle to specific infrastructure (V-to-I); • Tracking of approaching objects (vehicles,

Pedestrians (V-to-P)

Box 10. The Google Driverless Car Discovery System Case Project is about developing technology for driverless cars. The system combines data collection from Street View mapping interfaces using sensor technology LIDAR, artificial intelligence for processing video content, GPS. The company expects the improved detection system will reduce the number of deaths and injuries on the roads.

To implement these types of communication, you need:

• Sensors (infrared/video, RADAR-/gyro-/inertial sensors) - data analysis through mathematical algorithms to track changes around the car.

• Built-in geolocation systems and identification technologies

(GPS/WiFi/WiMax) environment.

Insert 11. Cases of technology V2X The company has developed a solution for the transport system, where all vehicles and infrastructure systems are interconnected with each other. This connection provides a more accurate definition of the situation on the roads in order to optimize traffic, reduce congestion, accidents, and reduce fuel costs. The system is based on the principle of Vehicle-to-X (V2X). Qualcomm (with Honda) - technologies for tracking approaching objects Vehicle-to-Pedestrian.

Chapter3Smart transport and mobility Box 12. The company has created a platform SPATIOWL for urban traffic management based on GPS data and data from sensors installed on the roads. The service allows you to collect data on the location, speed of the car, generating aggregate information about traffic, congestion, downtime. On the basis of the new data, indicators of efficiency and cost of maintenance of the transport network are calculated, as well as predictive scenarios of behavior of drivers and pedestrians are modeled.

Box 13. Verizon’s Intelligent Traffic Management System provides data collection and processing on the management of the entire road infrastructure. Declared performance:

• • • •

Reduce travel time on 20%; Reducing fuel costs for 15%; Reduce the delay of traffic signals 41%; Reduce traffic stops at 44%.

Public transport

Intelligent transport system for public transport includes:

• Navigation data for flight tracking

and routes, recording events;

• Integration with external control and control systems

transport complex;

• Record of real passenger traffic; • Continuous monitoring of the situation during the implementation of passenger traffic

fat transportation;

• Optimization of fleet maintenance costs

funds;

• Remote control of technical condition of transport

funds.

Information about the arrival schedule of buses to the stop, received in real time, information about access to cars and bicycle parks can reduce the time for travel and search for a parking space. Automated parking contributes to better use of parking space.

Box 14. Intelligent traffic planning systems developed by the company perform analysis of passenger flows, construction of route schedules, and scheduling of drivers. Includes systems for counting passenger traffic on the subway; automated design of planned schedules of trains on the subway; automated construction of trams and trolleybuses.

Insert 15. Equipping the city for smart mobility: Seoul case introduces wireless communication between stops and buses. 300 Stopping points are equipped with terminals that wirelessly exchange information with 9300 Buses. There are internet modems and receivers in buses GPS.

49 49

Technologies for smart cities Technologies that allow to regulate transport flows

The Automatic Vehicle Location System (AVLS) allows vehicle tracking during travel and at terminals/stations. Such technologies are used to varying degrees in different cities. AVLS are implemented on public buses and trains to continuously monitor transport facilities and provide a number of services: traffic management, providing information to passengers in real time, distribution of priority signals at intersections, incident management, etc. These smart services help increase traffic efficiency, make public transport more attractive and reduce travel time, giving city residents the ability to flexibly plan a route (fastest or cheapest).

Floating car data / floating cellular data is a technological method that allows you to determine the average speed of traffic flows based on the collection of data on the location, time, direction of traffic.

Sensory technologies (RFID) - provide increased safety and awareness of the state of the road surface, surrounding infrastructure. Automatic license plate systems allow tracking traffic in critical areas.

Pedestrian collision warning systems. GPS meters, lasers and accelerometers allow to estimate the required distance to prevent collision with pedestrians.

Box 16. Driver Alert Technologies: Singapore and Eindhoven Singapore (2015) is a driver app that analyzes historical and current traffic data in real time to assess the situation on the road and issue an hourly forecast of the state of the transport network. Eindhoven (2015) - a system for tracking the humidity and smoothness of the road surface, installed on special cars. The data is transmitted to the central monitoring station, dangerous sections of the road are identified, then drivers are notified through road information displays and navigation maps.

50 50

Chapter3Smart transport and mobility Electronic payments for transport and roads

Currently, most cities use both cash payments and smart cards, although trips using smart cards are often more profitable. A system based solely on the use of smart cards would allow tracking all passenger movements and regulating the balance of demand and supply of public transport. Cities such as London, New York and Seattle are moving towards an intermodal contactless fare system, in which one smart card can be used for all modes of transport.

Insert 17. Electronic payment systems: Singapore and Oslo Singapore cases - the electronic payment system exists since 1975 Currently, it is fully automated. The business center is established 34 Special arches that fix the ride. Personal cars are equipped with devices with cash cards (In-Vehicle Unit) to pay for the passage - yes with the possibility of replenishing the balance. In the absence of equipment, the system takes a picture of the car number and issues an invoice for each day of road use. There is a system of tariffs and coefficients during peak hours, on weekends and holidays travel is free. Also, the system accumulates information about traffic jams and adapts prices to current traffic. Information about prices is available online, the driver can choose the route based on the price / duration ratio. The introduction of electronic payment reduced traffic during peak hours 25 000 Vehicles (about 3% the total number of cars in the city) and increased the average speed 20 km/h This has allowed us to more 40 Million Dollars.

Oslo is an electronic system for charging drivers for travel, including the possibility of paying fees at gas stations and by SMS. The project has been implemented since 2008, at least 17,5 million dollars have been invested. The created system allowed to unload fare points, reduced fuel consumption by a third due to delays in queues.

Coordination of the transport system

An example is railway companies that install sensors throughout the tracks and on all significant parts of the composition to track their condition and reduce the likelihood of occurrences. Sensor data is stored and stored to analyze them and optimize repair work.

The transport system can be optimized, for example, by establishing dynamic pricing for driving on highways. Dynamic pricing for travel will reduce traffic during peak hours (as in Singapore); dynamic pricing for parking - congestion of parking lots (as in New York); differential pricing contributes to the spread of environmentally friendly vehicles (as in Stockholm). In particular, in Stockholm for seven months of testing, traffic decreased 22%, and carbon dioxide emissions in the city center - 14% (25 thousand tons per year). The intelligent traffic management system in Lon-Don is able to learn from the statistical observations performed, as a result of which it begins to predict the flow of transport and the volume of traffic. It is estimated that c 2014 by 2018 years the system will provide traffic reduction 8% per year.

Technologies for Smart Cities Box 18. Integrated data collection services: Rio de Janeiro and London Centro De Operacoes Prefeitura Do Rio in Rio de Janeiro is a partnership project of the city government and IBM. It is a city-wide data analysis center, combining data flows from 30 organizations, including traffic and public transport data, municipal and infrastructure data, emergency services data, weather forecasts, information downloaded by employees and the public by phone, Internet or radio. The City Dashboards app in London provides residents with real-time data on weather, air pollution, transportation delays, availability of public bicycles, river water levels, electricity demand, financial market data, city Twitter trends, and the ability to access traffic cameras. The data can also be displayed on the city map.

Coordinated Traffic Light System

Adaptive traffic lights constantly collect information (registers of vehicles and pedestrians) and adapt the timing of the signal depending on current demand. Coordination of traffic signals at intersections allows the system to optimize travel time by minimizing the number of stops at intersections, so that higher passenger traffic efficiency is achieved and fuel consumption and travel time are reduced. This system is fully implemented in Singapore (all traffic lights are smart), partly in London, New York and Melbourne (most traffic lights are smart).

Transit Signal Priority is used to coordinate urban transport routes - technological transformations in the system of switching traffic lights.

Box 19. Highway management system: the Gothenburg Highway management system was introduced in 2004, is now automated. The following functions are available:

• Traffic control control; • Accident detection; • Traffic jam detection; • Accident warning; • Variable speed limits.

Application results:

• The number of accidents on average decreased by 20%; • The average time of one trip is 5%; • Road traffic is generally harmonized, the speed difference on different lanes has decreased.

Chapter 3 Smart transport and mobility Table 8 - List of widely used technologies in the development of smart transport by key segments

Traffic management and control

Transport management systems and user behavior monitoring

Construction of logistics routes and fleet management

Active traffic management system (ATM) Traffic monitoring cameras (CCTV) Electronic signs/displays (VMS) Radio communication on the roads (HAR) Information systems for monitoring road weather conditions (RWIS) Electronic signs/displays (VMS) Radio communication on the roads (HAR) Information systems for monitoring road weather conditions (RWIS)

Electronic navigation systems for all modes of transport Collection of transport statistics Dynamic information racks / dispatch information panels / stops City planning systems for tourists

Computer-generated plans for the shipment of cargo Operational cargo control systems Dynamic information synchronization system for the departure/receipt assistance system for parking commercial (truck) vehicles

Source: North-West CSR based on open source materials

Figure 8 shows which technologies of smart transport from 2011 to 2015 attracted the most attention among companies. On the horizontal there are technologies, the names of which were most often found in corporate media - in product announcements, company development strategies. The same technologies are placed vertically in accordance with the frequency of mention in business publications, regardless of whether companies plan to release such products in the near future.

funds,

As can be seen from Figure 8, the most popular and discussed technologies among companies were connected trans-port systems, electronic payment systems, automatic vehicle location and car sharing. At the same time, in general, the carsharing model was most often discussed, but it appeared to a lesser extent in sales.

Intelligent

Transport

Figure 7 shows that from 2011 to 2015, technologies such as on-the-go driver information, vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-X communication began to gain popularity. At the same time, carsharing was discussed much more often, but did not show the same dynamics. Moreover, as can be seen from Figure 9, in the strategies of development of companies in these years decreased the popularity of electric vehicles and active traffic management.

Technology for Smart Cities.

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Chapter3Smart transport and mobility

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Technology for Smart Cities

Figure 9 — The number and trends of references to smart transport technologies in companies’ development strategies

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Chapter3Smart transport and mobility

Socio-economic effects

According to various estimates, the development of transport in the Smart City paradigm can have the following effects on life in the city [10, 12, 14, 15]:

• Reducing the congestion of transport infrastructure; • Savings on maintenance of roads and parking; • Reducing consumer costs; • Improving mobility for pedestrians and users

public transport;

• Improving access to the city; • Reducing the number of accidents; • Energy saving; • Reducing emissions and pollution; • Improving public health; • Reduction of travel time; • Increased reliability

the University of London

Transportation

Goods

and cargo.

Technologies for Smart Cities Chapter 4

Smart security systems

Smart security technologies are working

in real time, preventing accidents

and crimes.

Trends in Smart Security Systems

Cheaper, miniaturized and unified equipment

Transition to Predictive Analytics

Due to the reduction in the cost of the component base of the video surveillance system, it is widely implemented at infrastructure facilities and at home. Thanks to miniaturization and unification of video equipment, devices with greater functionality appear, intelligent automation systems are integrated into the finished solution. Sensory technologies are being developed that analyze the spread of fire, record gas leakage and even fatigue of employees. This allows you to equip the entire city. Unified data centers (data centers) are created for data processing from urban infrastructure facilities.

From fixation of damage or violation of the security system pass to real-time analytics and predictive analytics. Based on statistical models and smart device data, it is now possible to calculate the probability of a workplace accident or crime at a specific location and at a specific time - for example, to calculate where a serial thief is most likely to commit the next robbery.

Smart city technologies in the security segment.

1. Centralized control stations; 2. Digital surveillance; 3. Predictive detection; 4. Coordinated response to security breaches.

Integrated security systems should include four main elements: • monitoring; • • mobile solutions and platforms; control and command centers. •

communication systems;

Incident data centres are designed to manage risks in the urban environment by providing up-to-date data for the rapid response system.

Smart security technologies are based on the analysis of statistical data on security breaches. They are collected by police departments from all available sources. The results of the data analysis are used as recommendations for the work of operational teams [6].

Type of product solution.

1. Surveillance and surveillance systems; 2. Access control systems; 3. Security systems; 4. Software applications.

Applications and capabilities of security technologies

IP cameras are widely implemented, which provide significant advantages of video - remote monitoring, scale, simplified system for sorting video files. Such solutions include real-time data analytics: instant recognition of faces, events and incidents.

Public Safety

• Automatic monitoring of objects. Recognition of car-bill numbers. Face recognition systems. Video analysis. Computer software for automatic identification of a person-century (car) in a digital image, video frame.

• Communication systems. Reliable and scalable connection network, including cameras, data centers, police stations, government databases. Unified communication solutions ensure the delivery of messages.

• Mobile security solutions. GPS-technology for tracking transport, infrastructure, their accurate and timely control. Tracking systems for cars on maps GIS.

• Control and command centers. Integrated solutions for monitoring all security activities in real time. The system receives information about all infrastructure facilities, on the basis of which an interactive picture of the current situation is created. Centro de Opera es Preifetura do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) is the most ambitious integrated center for control and monitoring of the city.

Sensory technologies with advanced functionality are used in ensuring the security of infrastructure facilities. Industrial safety includes the definition of leaks, the release of harmful substances, the prevention of emergency situations, the monitoring of employee fatigue.

Industrial safety

In the industrial sector, the following sensor safety technologies are used:

• Contactless Sensor Installations; • Nanosensors; • Photovoltaic sensors; • • Wearable devices with built-in sensors; •

sensors to detect gas leakage.

sensors with technology LIDAR;

Smart Security SystemsHead4 Fire Safety

Sensory technologies in real time monitor the state of the object, fix the fire and notify about it. Predictive analytics is also used to prevent a recurrence of the fire.

Modern fire safety systems include:

fire detection and evacuation system; false alarm and prevention system;

• • • wireless fire control module; • advanced fire suppression system.

Areas of application of information analytics for city security

In law enforcement, analytics is used to:

• Combating recidivism; • Predicting and preventing crime before,

How they happen;

• Situational awareness of the police (according to real-time data from social media and surveillance cameras); • Simulation of escape routes of the criminal and identification of potential crime scenes (according to real-time geolocation data, data on criminal activity); • Optimization of resource use and measurement of the results of decisions and initiatives to combat crime.

Types of analytics used in law enforcement (crime analytics):

• Descriptive analytics categorizes, classifies and groups historical data, finds patterns and trends, and evaluates police performance.

• Predictive analytics simulates historical data on geographical and other factors to estimate the likelihood of a crime.

Demographically,

crime,

• Entity analytics links data from different arrays (entity, event, and location records) to create a profile of the perpetrator, address, vehicle, and identify non-obvious connections between them.

• Content analytics extracts valuable data from documents, such as case materials, through semantic and contextual analysis of unstructured texts.

• Social media analytics provides a continuous stream of information. Analysis of unstructured real-time data helps to track current events and identify potential evidence or witnesses. •

analytics and behavioral patterns in an array of video data.

Threats to Find

video captures

Events

Technology for Smart Cities Protection

(predictive

Law and Order

Prognostic policing (intelligence-led policing) is the identification of systematic elements of criminal activity, the calculation of the probability of committing a crime in a particular place / time and the prevention of this. Analysis of various data allows us to establish, for example, where a crime with a firearm is most likely to occur, commit the next theft of a serial thief or to which of his acquaintances the criminal is most likely to seek help. Based on these assessments, police units make decisions “on the ground”. The data can be analyzed on the basis of assumed factors (top-down approach), which hypothetically affect the probability of committing a crime and are included in the statistical model. The second method of analytics is automatic detection of patterns in data (bottom-up approach): for example, searching for “hot spots” where most crimes occur.

Socio-economic effects

Smart city technologies do not so much change the principle of ensuring public safety in the city, but optimize the work of the relevant services:

• The police respond more quickly to incidents. • Crime detection is increasing, as it is revealed that

relationships between different incidents.

• The number of crimes decreases, as criminal

Activity can be predicted and prevented.

• Urban residents feel more secure. • Decreasing crime and vulnerability to man-made and natural disasters (fires, floods) help cities attract new businesses and create jobs. • Reduce productivity and income losses caused by natural disasters and crimes against workers.

• Operating costs are reduced. According to one estimate, a hypothetical public safety service spending 350 million dollars on operating costs could save up to 60 million dollars a year through smart security technologies, and up to 200 million dollars on policing and courts by preventing crime.

• As the city becomes safer, the value of real estate ages, which in turn contributes to the growth of tax revenues.

Predictive Policing

Smart security systemsHead4 Interview: Alexander Valerianovich Malinovsky General Director of LLC "ERVIST North-West"

CSR "North-West": Which of the segments of the smart city is growing fastest in the market of St. Petersburg?

It is only needed for large integrated projects, for example, to control traffic.

A. Malinovsky: The dynamics of growth is the highest among energy-saving technologies for a smart home: the price tag for energy has grown decently recently, so everyone is trying to save. The industrial safety segment has always grown at a pace of 10–17%. Even in times of crisis, growth has slowed no more than the volume of construction.

such

Platform

And how does "Garant-R" (multifunctional platforms for firefighting. - Approx. ed.) demand in the Russian market?

systems,

Because there is no other option. Autonomous, modular systems are in demand from below. When, for example, a large commercial centre is built, a standard, relatively cheap fire signage system is installed there to only be put into operation. The tenant appears, under him make a cut-out of the premises. At the same time, the security system that was created for empty space no longer works: according to the norm, each room should have at least two sensors. Same with firefighting. Therefore, there is a need for systems for a separate small room.

The best experience for video surveillance systems is video analytics. How much do we need these technologies?

They are implemented only for complex security systems. In private video surveillance systems, in small security facilities - in small offices, garages - they also switch from analogue to 3D printer, digital technologies have become available. But video analytics, biometric information parameters, data storage,

Lenses

figure:

Now

The video market is growing at a pace of 30–35%, it is the fastest growing segment in security, including due to a sharp drop in prices. Two years ago at the St. Petersburg exhibition "Sfitex Securika" at the Chinese stand of IP-cameras was the slogan "Russia, we are here." Any IP-camera they have a hundred-and-soil from 600 to 900 rubles. The dynamics here are enormous.

Go to the subway - how many cameras are there? This is not just for safety, there are many technological cameras that control the movement of the escalator. At many sites, it is already recommended to duplicate the sensor systems of fire alarm by video surveillance. The signal came - you can see from the remote first.

What is the situation in the domestic market? Do they import?

In the segment of fire alarms 90% - Russian solutions, that is, there are still technologies that do not repeat with us. In the security segment today, probably, 100%, because import technologies have become very expensive. Gazprom, for example, had a requirement for 2017 to completely switch to Russian products. There is also a meeting movement when foreign manufacturers open a product assembly in Russia. The video segment is not developed. Only 10% Russian products - lenses, turntables. No one makes the cameras.

How does the standardisation affect the market, you know?

Different situation by segments. Very rigidly peaceful segment of fire fighting: there are GOSTs, codes of rules, federal laws. They harmonize with European standards EN 54, with Chinese - almost 100%, very close to the American.

The regulations also regulate special performance for explosive premises, for example, certification is mandatory. And the rules are stricter than in Europe and America: there is also a need for certification, but not necessarily in a state laboratory, as in ours.

There is a GOST in the security segment, but not very hard, there are requirements from service organizations. FSUE "Protection" has its own requirements for security systems in apartments, central consoles. There is also such a regulator as the Central Bank - it is the security of the banking system, ATMs and banks' premises. Inside the ATM are sensors that react to sawing, pulling, knocking. Three times knock - in eight minutes people will come. There are standards for operation, but there are no strict requirements for the product itself - there may be any protocols inside.

Video surveillance is not regulated in any way, except that the hidden dish is prohibited. Therefore, you can not use a lot of developed products. For example, you will not find penetration sensors on the market that, after activation, include a vi-de-recording - this is prohibited.

The radio channel occupies no more than 10% market, it is difficult to develop, in the first place because of the fear of false alarms and interference: either you will not wait for the signal, or you will get a false one. Wireless communication requires secure and interference-resistant protocols. This is not regulated in fire systems, but in security systems, protection has been developed for a long time. In St. Petersburg, two good institutes are engaged in penetration protection systems, they make unique developments, but this is already information security - different software tools.

Are all protocols based on international standards?

There are no Russian protocols. They're not needed. Because although the controllers are made in Russia, the chips are bought abroad. But all protocols are harmonized, so that Russian technologies somehow penetrate the foreign market.

Elemental base - the narrowest place?

The fact that the Russian elemental base is uncompetitive is said since Soviet times. Now the equipment is transferred to Russian mini-cross-circuits, but the cost of their higher, more energy, the price is higher by about 2,5 times, and the timing is longer, because very small volumes of production.

If we talk about semiconductor and portable electronics, even the Elbrus controller is still Taiwanese. In Russia, there are calculations, everything else is in Taiwan. The advantage we have in opto-electronics: lasers, LED and photovoltaic technology - in this we are still leaders. But only because we produce stable, a lot and cheap.

Group of companies "ERVIST" is the largest in Russia - a supplier of explosion-proof security systems and fire safety. These are electronic products and systems for working in explosive and aggressive environments, sea water, extreme climatic conditions.

Smart security systems Head4 Foreign practices Best practices in the field of predictive policy

Decision C 2011 the Santa Cruz Police Department (SCPD) PredPol (Predictive Policing) program developed by scientists from the University of California, Los Angeles and the University of Santa Clara based on data from analysts SCPD. The program establishes places (areas of the city) in which criminal activity is most likely to increase in a given time interval. The algorithm calculates the probability of crimes within squares 150x150 meters mapped to Santa Cruz city. The database includes the time, place and type of crimes already committed: road traffic accidents, crimes against property, gang activity, use of firearms, drug trafficking, etc. Recent crimes have gained more weight in the calculation of probabilities. The program generates a map on which it is highlighted 15 The squares with the highest probability. Police officers receive information about these territories before going on patrol shift and pay more attention to them during patrols. Police officers also have access to an online system from which real-time maps of crime hotspots are obtained.

The program is distributed according to the software-as-a-service (SaaS) model. PredPol works on Command Analytics platform equipped with special analytical tools:

• Search is available by crime type, area, law violation, event description, date, address or database incident and work with results using data processing and analysis programs;

• Radar shows crime rates and monitors crime rates in the forecasting field, and also measures how much time patrols spend in areas with the highest risk of crime;

• The route of the vehicle shows the history of the changes of the selected transport unit, the place and the duration of stops.

PredPol tools allow you to generate detailed data, analyze crime trends and resource efficiency, obtain GPS-data on the location of police patrols, etc.

Santa Cruz, California (USA)

Technologies for smart cities Results Implementation of the system has saved on labor costs: number of employees SCPD with 2000 The year was reduced by 20%, The department has no plans to increase staff in the near future. MA programs do not require special training. Predictive analytics complements the experience, thus equalizing the chances of success for beginners and experienced police officers. New employees can make a useful contribution to reducing crime simply by being at the right time in the right place, the coordinates of which are provided by analytics. In the first year of the program (2011 The number of robberies per year has increased 27% Compared to 2010 The Year (c 70 to 51 cases). Six months of full program use (January–June 2012 The number of thefts decreased 14% (with 305 to 263 c) Year by year. However, it is difficult to unequivocally assess the success of the program, since it is not known how many executions would have been committed without enhanced police surveillance.

An important result of the implementation of the system is the cooperation of police officers and citizens living in places with the greatest risk of criminal activity. Police officers build contacts with residents of the city, stimulating their participation in the observation and prevention of crimes on their own.

Figure 10 Changes in Statistics Using PredPol Radar Technology

Source: PredPol [45]

Smart Security SystemsHead4 Richmond, Virginia (USA)

Richmond Police Department analytics tools, including:

(RPD) uses many

• ATAC Workstation, software for forecasting criminal activity. To generate a forecast, the program fixes patterns among potentially related incidents. The data analyzed comes from the department's crime registration system and may include victim descriptions, the time of day and days of the week when the crimes were committed, as well as data on known offenders.

identify

Helps

• Density maps, which visualize criminal activity, are used in planning the deployment of patrols and show which areas of the city require an increased police presence with an accuracy of up to four quarters. Cards are generated twice a week (morning Monday and weekends) and are also used during mass events and holidays.

• Analysts RPD training in the framework of week-long courses organized by the Alpha Group Center for Crime and Intelligence Analysis Training; workshops organized by the International Association of Crime Analysis; as well as on-site training RPD.

Best practices:

1. Tactical forecasting was used to investigate a series of armed

Robbery of shops. Analysts have identified several possible targets based on the nature of previous crimes, which, according to their assumptions, were part of a single series. Police officers monitored the addresses and recorded three suspects in the time period predicted by analysts.

2. The investigation of a series of robberies in parking lots was based on the definition of common features:

All crimes were committed in parking lots surrounded by buildings and during major mass events. Analysts have noticed that some parking lots are more likely to become targets on weekdays and others on weekends, and that the perpetrator moved counterclockwise, choosing new targets. With this information, the police deployed surveillance of the target points and found the suspect when he left the scene of the last crime.

3. Use of network analysis in the search for a suspect hiding from the investigation. After a month of searching, analysts built a network of social connections of the suspect and identified key people in it. Police contacted the men and warned them that they were looking for a suspect. Thus, the suspect was cut off from basic social resources, and, unable to hide from close friends and relatives, surrendered to the police after a few hours.

Technology for Smart Cities Gunfire Location (on the example of ShotSpotter, SST, USA)

The gunfire locator (gunshot detection system) registers shots and determines the firing patterns using acoustic, optical and other types of sensors. Most systems consist of (1) an array of microphones or sensors that can be located in one place or distributed over a wide area, (2) a processing unit, (3) a user interface, where there are reports of cases of the use of firearms. In urban environments, shooting locators are integrated with geoinformation systems and smart city technologies.

In the United States, the use of firearms is much more frequent than is commonly believed, but for most cases, only a small part of all firearms carriers would be responsible. Of the five incidents, only one is reported, as the populations most affected by firearms are the least likely to report them to the police. At the same time, there are about 100 cases of firearms use per one fatal case [40].

Figure 11 Example of security and Internet integration (ShotSpotter and GE LED)

Source: LED Professional

Smart Security SystemsHead4 Technology ShotSpotter SST

ShotSpotter is an acoustic surveillance technology using sound sensors that record and localize shooting incidents and report them to the police in real time. It is being developed by SST in Silicon Valley [48].

Acoustic sensors are located in 15–20 sensors per square mile at a distance 9–12 meters from the ground - on the roof of buildings, street lights, cell towers, etc. Each sensor captures sound fragments, which can be the sound of a shot, the exact time and place of noise. The data is processed by automated algorithms and then qualified and confirmed by an expert-acoustic at the Incident Review Center, working around the clock and located in the headquarters of the company in New Arc, California.

Data on shooting is delivered to police stations, patrol cars and on police smartphones during 20–45 seconds from the time of the shooting. The messages include the exact time and coordinates (latitude and longitude, the address with an accuracy of half a meter), as well as situational information (for example, the number of shooters, the number of shots, the nature of the shooting - single shots or automatic queue, the position and trajectory of the moving arrow). SST Guaranteed 80%accuracy in the coverage area of the system, although in some cases it reaches higher values (requires up to 95% Shots).

Sensors only record loud sounds, but additional privacy protection is provided by automatically deleting sensor recordings if no shots were recorded within 72 hours. The ShotSpotter program is distributed under an annual subscription with the possibility of grant co-financing (the cost of the subscription is from 65 to 95 thousand US dollars per square mile of coverage per year, a minimum of 3 square miles). Such shooting locators are used in 100 cities of the world.

Socio-economic effects

According to law enforcement agencies, the use of the system of location of shots reduces the number of cases of use of small arms in the 80%, and on 40% Reduces the number of gun-related violent crimes and murders. According to the data collected SST According to the National Gunfire Index 2014 The median reduction in the use of firearms was 28,8% year to year; a decrease in the number of shootings 26 from 28 Goro-Dov. V 2015 The sample has already entered 46 In the cities, the shooting rate was reduced 36 Cities, in 19 Cities - more than 20%, in 6 Cities - more than 33%. The best indicators were given where the system was deployed on a larger territory.

Data from SST was used in court in 17 U.S. states, as well as in federal court. In shooting cases, analysts SST give evidence as expert witnesses, and the company submits expert reports at the request of the court.

Technologies for smart cities CCTV (on the example of Drancy, France)

Problem situation

Drancy is a commune northeast of Paris with a population 65 thousands of people, city budget 120 million euros, 1600 staff of the administration. In the beginning 2000Drancy was the poorest mountain house in France, crime and lack of jobs led to the outflow of residents. According to the study 2002 Year, Drancy 27- Out of 30 the level of public safety among the suburbs of Paris. Residents of the city, schools and the sick were limited in access to the Internet, the infrastructure needed to be updated. To reverse this situation, the municipal administration, in partnership with Cisco, launched a project to update the infrastructure and stimulate the use of ICT by city residents and organizations.

The goal: to stop the outflow of residents from the city, to reduce the level of crime, to attract new business by transforming Drancy into a technological and commercial center [33, 35].

Decision

Fiber optic network managed by Cisco Nexus 7000 with virtualization capabilities, data center development and increased productivity; implementation of a network of 300 CCTV cameras around the city and modern networking tools for cooperation (Cisco Telepresence) for citizens and organizations.

Socio-economic impact

Deployment 300 Cameras CCTV (The largest network CCTV In France) was a key element of the project aimed at reducing crime. Fiber optic network used CCTV, It is also used for other projects, including the local network 80 Municipal Buildings, 200 enterprises and 6000 households, with IP telephony support for the municipality. Total installation budget CCTV-cameras 5 million euros - these funds were allocated separately, since the city IT budget was 2 million euros.

The chambers are managed by the municipal police, and the entire project is managed by the city's IT department. Availability of network CCTV The cooperation between the local and national police led to the rise of Drancy 27- on 2- the place in the rating of safety in the suburbs of Paris. After the introduction of the surveillance camera system, the crime rate decreased 30% (2010 G.) The population of Dran-si has grown 10% in eight years. In the city began to move business, creating jobs for residents. the Drancy School of Engineering 1700 Students and 200 teachers. Municipal buildings, schools and a quarter of the citizens have access to a local network, 1400 The elderly and 7000 Students get basic computer skills.

Smart Security SystemsHead4 products in the fieldSafetySnoStee

Table 9 - Technological solutions in the field of security on the example of foreign companies

Company

Aralia Systems

Technology / Product

Ilex: advanced video dishing systems

Iberis: digital control of moni-thoring

Functions / Tasks

Analytics, recording, viewing, storing and searching for previous records. Integration with all systems and CCTV infrastructure. Distribution database, including video cataloguing, photos with automatic notification system.

Database management and control system for monitoring and changing Ilex system configurations. Autonomous user interface for alerting, security and information management. Analyze data from remote devices and catalog them in real time.

Adisys

Verizon

Aster: a retrospective search system

A platform for analyzing and processing metadata stored in Ilex. Quickly finds suitable video data in accordance with the specified search. There is a system for preparing court cases, including a built-in data generator to monitor the effectiveness of surveillance systems.

AdisysTech solutions

Advanced video surveillance and analytics systems. Manage infrastructure and access modes.

Verizon Intelligent Video Management System

Intelligent control system, surveillance. Built-in memory and cloud storage for short-term video recording; cloud storage for long-term recording. Monitoring of infrastructure facilities and data transmission to authorized persons via 4G networks on any devices. Viewing video in remote mode.

KiwiSecurity

Automatic bathroom video surveillance systems

Monitoring of urban infrastructure. Video analytics, video management, traffic analysis and intelligent systems of human behavior.

IBM

IBM® Intelligent Video Analytics

Monitoring and analysis of people’s activity in real time, creating automatic alerts, identifying incidents, trends and patterns.

Gorilla Technology

Intelligent Video Surveillance

Analysis of video data from sensors and cameras. Recognition of persons and license plates in accordance with the specified parameters. Dynamic recognition based on geographic, biometric and sensory data.

Comprehensive solution for city security management

Picture Intelligence Unit (PIU)

Video control systems; Video analytics systems; Detection systems; Control and control points; Sensors and sensors for analytics.

Unified command, control and communication center with 240 positions; five centers with positions from 35 to 60 people; two mobile mobile mobile centers. Monitoring of the status and condition of units, the possibility of emergency response. More than 8 thousand surveillance cameras for urban infrastructure. Network Operations Centers.

Analytical tools and biometric technologies based on the received video wood for recognizing the faces of violators.

HFCL

Thales

Technology for Smart Cities Company

Smart Security Systems LTD

Vidsys

CyberX

SecureOT

Cisco

Technology / Product

Electronic access control systems: Paxton, Act Access Control, Hid Global.

Video surveillance systems CCTV: Hikvision IC Kealtime

Physical Security Information Management

Converged Security and Information Management

Industrial safety control system for transport (TICSS) XSence

SCADASCOPE The Auto Graylist™

Smart+Connected Safety and Security Solution

Functions / Tasks

Readers, controllers for security access control. Multi-tech logical solutions for communication and fixation of Genuine HID, controller control - VertX and EDGE - based on IP access.

Allows you to combine thousands of surveillance cameras, a wide range of security systems and other hardware into a single complex, providing full-featured use of the multi-vendor equipment park.

Integrated security system, including advanced technologies for monitoring, notification, reporting of incidents.

Command center for monitoring and control of situations in real time.

An autonomous situational alert platform, instant analysis of big-data flows, machine learning and modelling. Continuous improvement of the operational network, real-time threat detection, and an early warning and identification system.

Autonomous integrated platform for managing and monitoring security and network threats.

Predictive analysis of threats and incidents, automatic warning system and smart video surveillance. Resistance to system hacking due to predictive analytics in different areas. Real-time accident simulations. Using tonality analysis to communicate with citizens and monitor social networks.

Source: North-West CSR based on open source materials

Ready-made Russian solutions

• STC "Protei" - complex automated systems without

dangers;

• AIC "Safe City" - system-112; monitoring of potentially dangerous objects - a single city-wide dispatch center "Intelligent City";

• "Syntronics KAFU" - a television review system; traffic management; a single urban parking space; recording offenses;

• System of Shvabe Holding is implemented in Nizhny Tagil ("Smart and Safe City") - electronic information road signs, lighting poles with Wi-Fi, smart road marking.

Smart security systemsHead4 Table 10 – Technological solutions in the field of security on the example of Russian companies

Company

Technology / Product

Functions / Tasks

ISS

SecurOSTM Integration Pro Gram Vision Management Platform

Recognition, video analysis and control systems based on SecurOSTM platform

• • •

• •

•

• •

SecurOS Auto Vehicle Number Recognition SecurOS Face Face Number Recognition SecurOS Cargo Container Number Recognition

SecurOS Industry Monitoring Center MCC Complex for recognition of car numbers, control and accounting of railway transport SecurOS Transit Automatic photo-video recording systems for traffic violations SecurOS Traffic Scanner Control of cash operations SecurOS POS Road and rail transport control systems SecurOS WeightStation

Hardware and software systems based on the SecurOSTM board form

Allows you to combine thousands of surveillance cameras, a wide range of security systems and other hardware into a single complex, providing semi-functional use of a multi-vendor equipment park.

Liberium

Wasp Mote Plug & Sense!TM using three-step cryptographic layers

DSSL

TRASSIR Intelligent video surveillance modules.

"Without-

APK dangerous city" INTEGRA-S

Intelligent security systems

Emerson

Intelligent security systems

• •

•

• • • • • • • •

•

• • •

• • • •

•

Control panel for access to protected objects; Sensors and fault detection sensors in the infrastructure of buildings and facilities. Measurement and control of gas levels, determination of leaks and breakdowns; Over the Air Programming System (OTA) Encryption Libraries (AES, RSA)

AutoTRASSIR - recognition of autonomists of different countries and determining the direction of movement; TRASSIR Smoke - smoke detection; TRASSIR Fire - detection of fires; TRASSIR Sound Detector - noise detector; TRASSIR People Counter Pro - Number of people; TRASSIR Shelf Detector - flow; TRASSIR Kinetic Map - movement analysis; AVT - Product Shipment Management TRASSIR Parking - a script-module for controlling the number and time of stay of cars in the parking area. TRASSIR AvgSpeed - script module for measuring and monitoring the average speed of the vehicle on the road section.

Digital video surveillance system "Integra-Video" - monitoring of movement in the protected area; Software platform "EnergoKrug" - control and management of the effectiveness of auxiliary systems; Software and technical complex of PTK "Sprut-M" - control of energy systems; Automated Emergency Emission Control System for Chemically Hazardous Facilities (ASCAV); Video surveillance through intercoms System of automatic photo-video recording of violations of traffic rules "Integra-CDD" Hardware and software complex "Vizir" - biometric search by face; "Rupor" and "Rupor II" systems - notification of the population; APK "UsefulData" - notification of Internet subscribers; RealTrac - real-time position detection system; GIT: System 112

Intelligent measuring instruments HART, working within the framework of the digital architecture of PlantWeb

Source: North-West CSR based on open source materials

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